新型含氮杂环柱芳烃的合成及性能研究

Pillararenes, as a new class of macrocyclic host molecules, have attracted a lot of attention from supramolecular chemists because of their unique structures and excellent properties. Host-guest chemistry of pillararenes is one of the current research frontiers of supramolecular chemistry. Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds are widely used to construct the supramolecular systems, and have great potential application. The project is planning to study on synthesis and properties of novel nitrogen-heterocyclic pillararenes. Based on the synthesis of pillararenes, heterocycles are introduced into the pillararene molecules to prepare novel nitrogen-heterocyclic pillararenes. Then, these compounds were further synthesized into salts, and novel cationic nitrogen-heterocyclic pillararenes can be synthesized. By these methods, diversified synthesis of the host molecules can be achieved. At the same time, the structures and physicochemical properties of supramolecular systems are investigated in order to find the general rules and basic methods for molecular recognition and molecular assembly of nitrogen-heterocyclic pillararenes. In molecular recognition research, the more types of guest molecules are investigated, including positively-charged molecules, negatively-charged molecules and neutral molecules. In self-assembly research, the construction of (pseudo)rotaxanes based on nitrogen-heterocyclic pillararenes, as well as the response to external stimulation, biological activity and bioavailability of supramolecular system will be studied. The research of this project possesses better academic significance and potential applications, and promots the study of the field of supramolecular chemistry in Yunnan area.

柱芳烃，作为新一类大环主体化合物，以其独特的结构和优异的性能受到超分子化学家的重视。柱芳烃的主客体化学研究是当前超分子化学前沿领域之一。含氮杂环化合物被广泛用于构筑超分子体系，具有巨大的应用潜力。本项目拟进行新型含氮杂环柱芳烃的合成及性能研究。在合成柱芳烃的基础上，将含氮杂环引入柱芳烃分子中，合成新型的含氮杂环柱芳烃；其再进一步制备成盐类化合物，进而合成新型的阳离子型含氮杂环柱芳烃，实现主体分子的多元化。同时，研究超分子体系的结构及理化性能，发现含氮杂环柱芳烃的分子识别及分子组装的规律和基本方法。分子识别方面，拓展更多的正电性、负电性及中性客体分子类型；自组装方面，构建基于含氮杂环柱芳烃的（准）轮烷超分子组装体系，对超分子体系进行外界刺激响应性、生物活性及生物利用度进行研究。本项目具有较好的学术价值和潜在的应用前景，对云南地区超分子化学领域的研究具有较好的促进作用。

大环主体分子作为超分子化学发展的重要推动力量，受到了超分子化学家的重视。柱芳烃，作为新一类大环主体化合物，以其独特的结构和优异的性能成为超分子化学研究和发展的热点之一。柱芳烃的主客体化学研究也是当前超分子化学的前沿领域之一。制备了一系列新型的含氮杂环柱芳烃，分别为单取代含氮杂环柱芳烃、双取代含氮杂环柱芳烃、全取代含氮杂环柱芳烃等三种类型；同时在此基础上，合成了两个系列的柱芳烃，分别为全取代烷氧柱芳烃和水溶性柱芳烃；共计29个柱芳烃。研究了多种柱芳烃的超分子体系的主客体结构及理化性质性能，发现其主客体分子识别及组装的规律和基本方法，深入研究了柱芳烃在分子识别、荧光传感、污染物吸附及天然药物载体等方面的应用。该研究为超分子主体化合物的多元化及其应用领域的发展注入了新的活力，有助于拓展新一代大环分子柱芳烃在药学、材料分子机器及领域的应用研究。