鲌亚科3个属的系统学与生物地理学研究

The culters are a main group of freshwater fishes in the subfamily Cultrinae in Cyprinidae. Culters belong to the type of widely scattered and fast evolutionary fauna of the fishes in major rivers and lakes of China plain. Studies on the systematics and biogeography of the culters are important to understand such hot issues such as fish biology, speciation and evolution, and management and utilization of fisheries resources. .There has been controversy in classifying culters in the genus level and also in classifying species and subspecies of some species in the genus Culter by morphological characteristics. Some conflicts exist between the conclusions from molecular and morphological systematics. Therefore, it is very urgent to explore the historical speciation of culters..In this proposed project, differentiation among the populations from major waters of China and phylogeny of culters will be studied to define reasonable genus, species or subspecies in the classification and taxonomy, understand their biogeographic pattern, and retrieve their historical spatial and temporal distribution. The results of these studies will provide an exemplary illustration for speciation pattern of fishes in China plain fauna. We will achieve these goals by using multiple methods such as geometric morphometric analysis on the body form and jaw, micromorphological analysis on the otolith and scales, nucleotide sequence analysis on mtDNA Cytb and D-loop and so on. Meanwhile, the results and conclusions from this project will be valuable for the management and sustainable utilization of Culters resources in China. .Therefore, it is very important to carry out this project on the merits of either fish biology or applied fisheies science.

鲌类是鲤科鲌亚科的一个主要类群，作为我国江河平原区系鱼类快速进化物种的代表，在研究鱼类生物学、鱼类物种形成与演化、以及渔业资源管理和利用等问题上均具有较大的意义。.当前，根据形态特征对鲌亚科鲌类在属的划分和鲌属的一些种和亚种分类处理尚存在争议，分子系统学研究和形态学研究结论在鲌类归属上存在着明显的冲突，探讨鲌类的历史形成过程更十分迫切。.本研究项目拟采用体形和颌骨几何形态学分析、耳石和鳞片微形态分析、mtDNA Cytb基因和D-loop区核苷酸序列分析相结合的研究方法，查明我国鲌类种群分化状况，分析其系统发育关系，明确属的划分和分类等级（种级、亚种级），探讨物种生物地理格局，推测历史时空分布及关联的历史事件，为分析我国江河平原区系鱼类物种的形成过程提供例证。同时，为我国鲌类渔业资源管理提供依据。.因此，本项目的实施将具有较大的理论意义和经济社会效益。

鲌类是鲤科鲌亚科的一个主要类群。本研究采集22个采样点鲌属、原鲌属、近红鲌属7个种或亚种2308尾个体，进行形态学、分子遗传学及营养学分析。.1、通过对鲌类形态度量、几何形态学分析及耳石、鳞片微形态度量数据进行多变量分析，研究表明：黑尾近红鲌与鲌属亲缘关系比红鳍原鲌较近，鲌属中翘嘴鲌与海南鲌亲缘关系较近，达氏鲌与达氏鲌兴凯亚种亲缘关系较近，形态学差异主要集中在头部中后部区域。分子遗传学mtDNA Cytb和D-loop区序列分析结果相同，表明：红鳍原鲌与鲌属亲缘关系比黑尾近红鲌较近，海南鲌、达氏鲌、翘嘴鲌聚集为一支，蒙古鲌、红鳍原鲌聚集为一支，两支再聚集为一支，黑尾近红鲌为另一支。形态学分析与分子遗传学分析结果有较大的不一致性。.2、通过对翘嘴鲌10个地理群体形态学分析表明：长江流域太湖、丹江口水库、太湖养殖群体聚集为一支，岷江、大洪湖与鄱阳湖（章江、饶河、抚河、新妙湖）群体聚集为一支，两支再聚集为一支，漓江群体为另一支，形态学差异主要集中在头部前端和躯干中部。分子遗传学分析表明：长江流域群体聚集在一支，珠江流域群体为另一支。形态学分析与分子遗传学分析结果相近。.3、通过对蒙古鲌13个地理群体形态学分析表明：野生群体聚集为一支，南昌养殖群体聚集为另一支，野生群体中兴凯湖群体为一支，长江流域群体为一支。通过分子遗传学分析长江流域蒙古鲌群体时，Cytb序列分析表明：丹江口水库与鄱阳湖群体聚集在一支，大洪湖为另一支， D-loop区序列分析表明：大洪湖与鄱阳湖群体聚集在一支，丹江口水库群体为另一支。.4、通过对鲌类肌肉营养成分分析表明：海南鲌蛋白质含量略高，红鳍原鲌脂肪含量较高。氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸等指标显示海南鲌肌肉质量较高。红鳍原鲌肌肉多不饱和脂肪酸、必需脂肪酸等含量较高，翘嘴鲌肌肉ω6族/ω3族比值较低。.本研究对分析我国江河平原区系鱼类物种的形成和鲌类渔业资源利用均具有较大的意义。