针对重要心肌标志物的新型光电化学传感方法研究

Coronary heart disease, especially acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI), is one of the leading causes of worldwide mortality and morbidity. Cardiac markers have high sensitivity and specificity, and thus the rapid and reliable measurement of these markers is critical in clinical applications. Besides the traditional biomarkers such as CK-MB, some new sensitive and specific markers, such as cardiac troponin, myoglobin, brain natriuretic peptide and hs-C reactive protein, have been found and gradually applied into clinical laboratories. On the basis of the use of semiconductive materials, the newly appeared photoelectrochemical (PEC) bioanalysis has stimulated much recent interest as such a technique offers an elegant route for probing various biological events. This project proposes the study on the new PEC bioanalysis of the important cardiac markers, with the aim to improving the current PEC bioanalysis and finding new signal transduction mechanisms and using them for novel PEC bioanalysis of these markers. Besides, this project plans to explore the emerging cardiac markers and establish new feasible detection methods for clinical purposes. We believe this project not only has important scientific significance and also broad application prospects.

目前，急性冠脉综合征和急性心肌梗死等冠心疾病已是世界范围内发病率和死亡率最高的疾病之一。心肌损伤标志物具有高度的敏感性和特异性, 对心脏疾病的早期诊断、危险分层及预后评估具有重要作用。除了传统的标志物如CK-MB外，近年一些新的具有高度特异性和敏感性的标志物检测逐渐用于临床实验室诊断，如肌钙蛋白、肌红蛋白、B型尿钠肽、超敏C反应蛋白等。基于半导体材料，光电化学（PEC）生物传感是最近发展出的一种检测技术，在生物分析领域很有潜力。本项目提出了针对重要心肌标志物的新型PEC 生物传感方法研究这一课题，旨在进一步开发PEC传感技术潜力，深入研究PEC系统中新型信号传导机制并将其运用到对重要心肌标志物的检测中，探索该方法对尚未用于临床的新标志物的检测，以期开发出新方法并扩展到医学临床应用领域，为心肌标志物的临床诊断提供高效的检测方法。我们认为该课题不但具有显著科学意义更具有广阔应用前景。

心肌损伤标志物检测在急性心肌梗死等心脏疾病的诊断中具有高度的敏感性和特异性, 对心脏疾病的早期诊断、危险分层及预后评估具有重要作用。光电化学(PEC)生物传感则是基于物质的光电转化特性而发展出的一种新兴的检测技术，在心肌标志物分析领域具有广阔的应用前景。基于这一思路，本研究利用光电化学过程，探索不同心肌标志物的PEC检测方法，扩展了PEC生物分析应用领域，发展了一系列心肌标志物分析方法。第一、基于铜簇-脂质体的高灵敏光电化学免疫cTnT分析研究；第二、纳米多孔半导体电极捕获量子点的脂质体光电化学免疫分析；第三、基于CdS纳米网络结构的光电化学脂肪酸结合蛋白免疫检测；第四、三维CdS纳米片包裹的碳纤维结构用于CuO介导的分离型光电化学BNP免疫分析。