普通野生稻群体重要农艺性状的鉴定和评价

Oryza rufipogon G. is most closely related to and have thus been considered as the progenitors of O. sativa. It has been proven to be a valuable gene pool for rice genetic improvement and thus play a critical role in rice breeding in the future. In the present program, we collect new germplasm resources of O. rufipogon natural populations from different countries in Asia and preserve these materials in the long-term germplasm resources nursery. Accurate identification of these materials is completed by 10 morphological characters. Also we analyze and compare patterns of the genetic diversity of these O. rufipogon populations based on 30-50 microsatellite molecular markers. Several important agronomic traits, such as drought-tolerance, resistance to cold, resistance to rice blast and high protein content, are surveyed and evaluated systematically. Germplasms with excellent agronomic traits are selected for rice breeding in the future.

水稻，是中国最主要的粮食作物之一。随着经济和社会的发展，选育和推广抗逆良种、提高水稻单产、改善稻米品质，已经成为我国重大的科技战略问题。普野是与水稻关系最近缘、在水稻育种中最易被利用的野生种，兼具多种优异的适应性性状。本研究对国外多个国家进行野外考察，新采集多个重要的天然群体种质资源。这些材料在种质圃中长期保存，用10个形态性状对这些材料进行准确鉴定;利用30-50个SSR分子标记进行遗传多样性分析和比较。同时根据国家"农作物种质资源鉴定技术规程：野生稻"的标准，综合各项指标，从这批材料中鉴定评价具耐旱性、芽期耐冷性、稻瘟病抗性和高蛋白含量的优异种质资源。对稻瘟病抗性种质特别进行杂交和回交，构建以栽培稻为遗传背景的抗稻瘟病野生稻渗入系材料，培育过程中使用分子标记进行性状跟踪和辅助选择，加快选育进程，为后期抗稻瘟病育种提供物质基础。