自我在社交媒介中的扩展及其适应功能：行为和神经层面的证据

The self-expansion model proposes that individuals can promote self-development through acquiring new knowledge, skills, perspectives, role identities and resources, and this development process can be regarded as self-expansion. According to the self-expansion model, many kinds of Internet applications (e.g., social networking media) can provide a new life style and change the ways individuals interact with others and think about the world, which in turn will bring about vital impacts on self-development. Research on self-expansion related to social networking media, however, is not very satisfactory both in quantity and quality. The present research will explore the association between the new Internet application (i.e., social networking media) and self-expansion through interview, questionnaires and behavioral experiments so as to uncover the expansive self in a constant de-constructive and reconstructive circle. Specifically, this research will address three questions. The first one question is the conception (including the connotation and denotation) of social networking media self-expansion and its measurement. The second one is the behavioral features of social networking media self-expansion. The third one is the function on of social networking media on individual social adaption. The present research is expected to theoretically construct the social networking media self-expansion, and practically provide suggestions on adolescents’ social networking media use from the perspective of self-expansion.

自我扩展模型认为，个体可以通过获取新的知识、能力、视角、角色身份和资源来获取自我成长和提升，这一过程被定义为自我扩展。基于自我扩展模型，包括社交媒介在内的各种网络应用塑造了全新的生活形态，改变了人们交往和思考世界的方式，也会对个体自我的发展产生重要影响，但当前该领域的研究无论数量或深度均不够。本项目采用访谈法、问卷调查和行为实验等方法来探究社交媒介这一新的技术环境与个体自我扩展的关系，关注不断解构、重建和扩展的自我。本项目旨在解决三个问题：① 社交媒介自我扩展的基本内涵、外延及其测量工具的编制；② 社交媒介自我扩展在行为层面上的具体表现；③ 社交媒介自我扩展对个体发展的社会适应功能。课题的预期研究成果在理论上可以初步建立社交媒介使用的自我扩展模型，实践层面可以从自我扩展的视角为个体尤其是青少年社交媒介的健康使用提供科学的指导建议。

本项目基于以往的研究发现和理论基础，采用质化访谈法、问卷调查法、行为实验法、脑电实验法等多种研究方法，探究了社交媒介自我扩展的概念结构、社交媒介自我扩展存在的实证依据、社交媒介对个体的自我认知及心理社会适应性等的影响及其内部作用机制。结果发现：①个体基于社交媒介中的社交、获取资源以及娱乐需求这三类行为来进行自我扩展，且社交媒介自我扩展的具体体现为：个体知识和资源的丰富、获取新的视角、个人能力的提升、新身份和角色的获得；②社交媒介使用对个体的自我的影响在行为、神经上均有表现，个体对自身的网络昵称和自身的真实姓名在反应时及脑电波上反应类似，而且社交媒介使用可能会通过社交媒介自我扩展和网络自我与现实自我差异影响个体的自我概念清晰性；③社交媒介使用会从家庭、同辈、社会等不同层面影响个体的自我认知及心理社会适应性。