量子克隆启发的量子度量学研究

Accurately inferring the parameters of physical system has important significance on the development of science and technology. In this project, we will investigate the problem of quantum parameter-estimation from the perspective of quantum cloning. We will develop the theory of quantum Fisher information (QFI) cloning, demonstrate the constraint of no-signalling principle on QFI cloning, analyze the similarities and differences between QFI cloning and quantum state cloning, reveal the boundary between quantum information and classical information, and reform some new viewpoints. We will move the QFI cloning to the field of quantum metrology, propose some theoretical methods for quantum parameter estimation which are based on QFI cloning, find the optimal cloning machines and explore the effects of quantum/classical correlations between copies on the parameter estimation. Then we try to obtain the ultimate precisions of approximate cloning, probabilistic cloning and probabilistic “super-replication” and reveal the inherent relationship between the quantum cloning limit and Heisenberg limit. Combined with some specific systems, the theoretical scheme of quantum parameter estimation will be presented by utilizing QFI cloning. The investigation of this project is not only significant for the development of quantum cloning theory, but also brings some new methods and insights into quantum metrology, which will promote the advancement of quantum precision measurement.

精确地推断物理体系中的参数对科学技术的发展有着重要的意义。本项目研究量子克隆启发下的量子参数估计问题：发展量子Fisher信息(QFI)克隆理论，阐明不可超光速原理对QFI克隆的约束关系，分析QFI克隆与量子态克隆的相似与不同之处，揭示量子信息和经典信息的分界线，形成若干新的理论观点；将QFI克隆运用到量子度量学领域，发展基于QFI克隆实现量子参数估计的理论方法，寻找实现参数估计的最优克隆方式，探索克隆拷贝之间的量子关联和经典关联对参数估计的影响；研究近似量子克隆，概率量子克隆和概率量子“超级复制”在参数估计中各自所能达到的极限精度，揭示海森堡极限和量子克隆极限的内在联系；结合具体的物理系统，提出利用QFI克隆实现量子参数估计的理论方案。本项目的研究不仅对拓展量子克隆理论具有重要意义，而且为量子度量学研究引入新的方法和思路，推动量子精密测量技术的发展。

随着科技的发展，对物理量的测量精度要求越来越高。本项目研究了量子克隆启发下的量子参数估计问题：发展了单参数的量子Fisher信息(QFI)克隆理论，阐明了不可超光速原理对QFI克隆的约束关系；研究了远程量子精密测量的精度与噪声之间的关系，提出了利用弱测量及环境辅助测量技术增强远程量子精密测量精度，完美恢复原来的量子Fisher信息的理论方案；发展了基于金刚石氮空位中心系统的单分子量子精密测量技术，利用单个NV色心实现了对周围环境自旋中的动态Jahn-Teller转变的实时观测；以概率性的方式实现了固态量子系统中量子态的完美传输，克服了量子比特与传输腔之间弱耦合的局限；揭示了非马尔科夫环境下量子自旋压缩和量子相干性保持的物理机制；最后从量子信息论的角度，论证了昂鲁效应和霍金辐射导致的退相干等价于反振幅阻尼退相干，并将弱测量调控技术应用到相对论量子信息领域，实现了纠缠保护、放大和完美量子隐形传态。项目的研究取得了许多具有创新性的研究成果，在国内外高级学术刊物发表SCI论文14篇。项目组成员参加国内外学术会议17人次，作学术报告2次。项目的实施对理解量子Fisher信息克隆和量子精密测量具有重要的指导意义。