鸡群啄癖行为的母代-子代LED光环境协同防控理论与方法

Severe feather pecking (SFP) is a serious problem in intensive poultry production, which can lead to negative effects on production efficiency, disease control and animal welfare. Poultry has well-developed visual system and is sensitive to light environment. The biological effects of LED light may be a potential solution for the control of the SFP. Our previous study suggested that the red LED light (R) can improve the production of broiler breeder and yellow LED light (Y) can enhance the growth of broiler, of which the invented LED lamps have been successfully applied in the poultry industry. However, prenatal broiler breeder LED spectra exposure can cause the SFP of the broiler offspring. We hypothesize that the LED light play a role in affecting maternal hormones (transferred medium), which can lead to the SFP. The maternal hormones are transferred to avian yolk and may alter offspring SFP. In this project, we are aming to optimize the LED spectra, which can improve the production and reduce the SFP of breeder simutaneously. Firstly, based on our previous published study about the production-advantage-LED light, we further to reduce the SPF of breeder by by combining R-spectra with other LED spectra. Secondly, we are aming to investigate the effect of LED spectra on the secretion of transferred medium in the prenatal breeder. Thirdly, we are aming to investigate the effect of prenatal breeder LED spectra exposure on the secretion of transferred medium in the embryo. Additionally, by comparing the normal embryo and the embryo implanted with transferred medium, we try to illustrate the impacting mechanism of the light on the SFP of broiler offspring. Fourthly, based on our previous published study about the production-advantage-yellow light, we further to optimize the LED spectra for the control of broiler offspring SFP. Our achievements about the effect of LED light on the infection of severe feather pecking (SFP) from breeder to offspring and the control method have independent intellectual property rights, which will help the development of healthy poultry production as well as LED technology.

鸡群啄癖严重影响养殖效益、福利及疫病防控，鸡对光环境高度敏感，LED光谱丰富，两者结合可为啄癖防控提供新途径。本项目前期预研获取了黄羽肉鸡与种鸡生产优势光谱，并发现母代的不同LED光谱诱发了子代在相同条件下显著不同的啄癖致死率，基于文献推测母代及其受精蛋存在啄癖母-子传递介质并受LED光谱的显著影响。本项目拟进一步探索兼具生产与防啄优势的肉种鸡LED光谱调制方法，探讨母代系列LED光谱对啄癖的母-子传递介质的影响规律，揭示母代系列LED光谱对受精蛋中传递介质的影响规律，结合受精蛋正常孵化与人工植入传递介质模拟孵化子代的诱发比对测试，探明母-子传递介质对子代啄癖的防控机制，进而获取兼具生产与防啄优势的子代肉鸡LED光谱调制方法，最终形成鸡群啄癖的母代-子代LED光环境协同防控理论与方法。项目将取得具有自主知识产权的创新成果，对家禽养殖业与LED产业的协同创新有重要理论意义与应用价值。

鸡群啄癖严重影响养殖效益、福利及疫病防控，近年来，随着LED产业的蓬勃发展，光环境在养殖和孵化中的作用被日益重视，也有不少文献报道了光环境在养殖阶段对啄癖的防控作用，然而其作用机制与机理尚不清晰。本项目以高啄羽品系与低啄羽品系的鸡作为研究对象，研究了不同品种种蛋啄癖相关激素水平与外观品质相关性，探究LED绿光刺激孵化对子代胚胎期、育雏期的啄癖相关激素水平的调控作用，并从蛋白层面解释其机理，获得不同品系种蛋啄癖生理代际传递机制差异数据库，探明LED绿光孵化对子代啄癖相关激素的调控作用及其通路，揭示光环境调控产前应激子代效应的生理学机制，为解决鸡的啄癖问题提供理论支撑。