新的生物模拟采样技术及其在生态毒理研究中的应用

Research on ecotoxicology of persistent organic pollutants attacts much attention in the world now. The development and application of biomimetic, effective, economic and selective passive sampling techniques is becoming widespread goal. In particular there is a need for techniques, which could fulfill demands of monitoring of bioavailable trace or ultra-trace contaminants in water, and at the same time could bridge the gaps between environmental chemistry and ecotoxicology approaches. A representative passive sampling technology is triolein-filled membrane device (triolein-SPMDs) invented by James Huckins et al. In summarizing the feasibilities and drawbacks of SPMDs, this dissertation proposed two new types of triolein-embedded membranes and their accumulation kinetics, the bioaccumulation behavior and elimination effect were comprehensively evaluated in laboratory condition. The major findings are as follows：Introducing and developing the well-known triolein-SPMD technology, quantitative analysis of POPs, and its QA/QC system. Field studies for application of triolein-SPMD were performed in both Yanghehe River and Huaihe River, monitoring POPs in sewage wastewater was performed in Gaobaidian Sewage Wastewater Treatment Plant and monitoring POPs at extreamly low levels in drinking water was performed in Beijing 9th Waterwork. The results were compared with those obtained from sampling by usig liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction (SPE), samling fish and sediments. It couod be concluded that triolein-SPMD could sequest more hydrophobic organic pollutants and the quantitation was more convienient than traditional samplin strategies. In comparison with sampling fish and sediment samples, triolein-SPMD was proven to be a biomimetic sampling approach..Using the phase converse technology, triolein-embeded cellulose acetate and triolein-embeded PVDF membrane were manufactured. The resulted membranes were 40~50 and 50~60 μm in thickness, respectively and the cavity diameter is about several nanometer. This membrane is stable in various aquous conditions and in organic solvents such as hexane and cyclohexane. The new membranes can be used to accumulate hydrophobic organic pollutants effectively. The accumulation process for 5 organochlorinated pesticides was quite similar to the bioconcentration process of the compounds in rainbow trout and in triolein-SPMDs. Comparing active, passive sampling approaches and fish accumulation, different profiles could be elucidated between monitoring water phase and monitoring hudrophobic contaminants in rainbow trout or by passive ones. Our results illustrated that monitoring aqueous concentration is insufficient to assess bioavailability and toxicity to organism. Rainbow trout was a suitable model fish to study the bioconcentration process of hydrophobic organic pollutants in terms of its sensitivity and lower matrix effects. Accumulation chlorinated pesticides in the rainbow trout and in 2 types of new membranes were high efficient and accumulative kinetics were linear in 20 days exposure. Accumulation was mainly affected by physico-chemical properties of target contaminants, especially their octanol/water partitioning coefficients (Kow values). On a whole body basis, the uptake rates in rainbow trout were quite similar to those in triolein-SPMD and in triolein-embedded membranes. The bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of the tested hydrophobic contaminants were linear correlated to their Kow values. The similarities of the hydrophobic contaminants accumulated in rainbow trout, in triolein-SPMDs, as well as in triolein-embedded membranes indicate that the developed passive samplers may serve as good surrogates for aquatic organisms with respect to the discriminatory uptake of hydrophobic chemicals and a tool for preconcentration of pullutants for bioassays.The triolein-embedded membrane can be used as an economic and efficient tool to remove the trace or ultra-trace organic pollutants from water. The elimination rate of the typical organic pollutants is as high as 99% and th

开发研制在结构和性能上与水生生物细胞膜接近的复合膜材料，并装填入中性脂，构成新的生物模拟采样器件。通过模拟实验考察新器件对典型有毒有机污染物的富集动力学和热力学特征；通过对器件所采集的天然水体中有毒有机污染物化学分析和毒性测试，考察其在有毒有机污染物环境行为和毒性毒理学研究方面的应用。为环境化学研究提供新的手段和方法。.