基于轮胎-路面噪音频谱分析的"仿雨声"橡胶沥青路面设计研究

It has been one of the most important directions of highway engineering industry research that to reduce the noise of tire-pavement from angles of low-noise pavement design and construction to improve surrounding environment of drivers , passengers and residents near the road . The types of noise reduction asphalt pavement were summarized into following types: single layer porous asphalt pavement, two-layer porous asphalt pavement, elastic asphalt pavement, optimized surface texture pavement, and combination of any three types of those. They all aimed at lower average sound level of tire-pavement noise. It's worth noting that, the composition of noise spectrum could be different with each other while their average sound level of tire-pavement noise were the same , so listener could feel different level of annoyance or boring . This project would make deep analysis of noise spectrum and took rain spectrum as the target spectrum, for the noise spectrum of rain has low degree of annoyance. By means of close-proximity (CPX) method-proposed in ISO/CD 11819-2:2000 and by using of acoustic and vibration analyzer, universal material testing machine, wheel grinding machine, tire drummer and so on, the following research contents could be done: (1) A comparison of characteristics of tire-pavement noise spectrum and the rain spectrum. This makes their similarities and differences able to be learned. As a result, the adjusting direction and objective of tire-pavement noise spectrum could be clearly-established. (2) The ways how void ratio, surface structure depth and modulus of elasticity effect on acoustic intensity corresponding with each frequency in the noise spectrum. Then, technical measure of adjusting tire-pavement noise spectrum is able to gain. (3) The asphalt-rubber pavement whose tire-pavement noise sounds like raining would be designed and testing in laboratory and field. The designing methods would be summarized. To some extent, it could enrich designing theory of noise reduction asphalt pavement. It could provide insightful reference for the research of improving surrounding environment of drivers, passengers and residents surrounding the road.

修筑降噪沥青路面是治理交通噪音污染的主要技术措施之一。当前，该类路面的类型主要有单层或多层多孔的沥青路面、弹性沥青路面、表面纹理优化的沥青路面以及由以上三种类型任意组合的沥青路面，其目标主要集中在降低轮胎-路面噪音声压级方面。但同样大小声压级的噪音，其噪音频谱构成不同，人类的主观烦恼度、烦躁感也有所差别。本项目研究从轮胎-路面噪音频谱分析入手，以低烦恼度的雨声频谱为目标，借助声学与振动分析仪、轮胎-路面噪音现场测试系统、UTM试验机等试验设备：（1）分析轮胎-路面噪音频谱与雨声频谱的相似性及不同点，明确前者频谱构成调整的方向及目标；（2）研究橡胶沥青混凝土材料组成设计参数对不同声频率的响应规律，提出调整轮胎-路面噪音频谱构成的技术措施；（3）在室内及现场验证基础上，提出"仿雨声"橡胶沥青路面设计原则或方法。可丰富降噪沥青路面设计理论，为改善驾乘人员及道路周边居民生活声环境提供借鉴和参考。

交通噪音污染一直是影响驾乘人员及道路沿线居民“绿色出行、环保生活”的主要公害,而修筑降噪沥青路面是治理交通噪音污染的主要技术措施之一。当前，降噪路面的类型主要有单层或多层多孔的沥青路面、弹性沥青路面、表面纹理优化的沥青路面以及由以上三种类型任意组合的沥青路面，其目标主要集中在降低轮胎-路面噪音声压级方面，降噪效果一般在2dB（A）~7 dB（A），刚刚超过人耳能感觉到的限阀3dB（A），在改善道路交通噪音声环境方面还有很大差距。值得指出的是同样大小声压级的噪音，其噪音频谱构成不同，人类的主观烦恼度、烦躁感也有所差别，因此，在降低轮胎-路面噪音声压级有限的情况下，通过调整沥青路面的材料组成参数，使轮胎-路面噪音频谱的烦恼度大幅度降低，对于缓解道路交通噪音对人类社会的污染、提高驾乘人员及道路周边居民的生活声环境质量具有积极意义。.本项目对轮胎-路面噪音频谱深入研究基础上，以具有愉悦感或低烦恼度的“雨声”粉红色噪音频谱为目标，分析轮胎-路面噪音频谱与雨声频谱的相似性及不同点，明确前者频谱构成调整的方向及目标,即重点降低轮胎-路面噪音频谱的响度、粗糙度、抖动度，尖锐度不作为调整的重点目标；另外，系统分析了橡胶沥青混合料的最大公称粒径、粗细程度（4.75mm通过率）、密实程度（空隙率）、模量水平等指标参数对其声学性能的影响规律，研究表明：橡胶沥青混合料最大公称粒径越小、级配越粗、空隙率越大、阻尼越大，其噪音频谱的响度、粗糙度、抖动度等声品质参数越接近雨声频谱，可显著降低轮胎-路面噪音的烦恼度。.研究成果对于设计降噪路面、音乐路面等具有重要参考价值，在改善公路、城市道路的声环境方面也具有积极意义，一定程度上可以缓解道路交通噪音对人类社会的污染、提高驾乘人员及道路周边居民的生活声环境质量，对于促进道路工程行业的科技进步也有一定意义和价值。