机械的自约束油润滑：原理、体系构建与性能研究

Lubricating oil and grease is one of the effective methods to reduce friction and wear of mechinery. It not only plays a role in lubrication, but also can ease the mechanical vibration, and prevent corrosion and rust. But in the operation of machinery, the lubricants have some problems to be solved. Oil will leak, creep and volatilize because the mechanical parts of the seal has difficulty of tight installation. This not only influences lubrication effect of gears and bearings, but also pollutes the environment and waste resources. There are also some problems in the process of using grease lubrication, such as speed limitation, poor thermal conductivity, oil separation, which seriously affect the lubrication performance. In this project, a new type of "self-constraint" gel lubricant will be developed using supramolecular self-assembly phenomenon. Specially designed molecules will gelate lubricating oils through self-assembly so as to lubricate sliding pairs. This project proposes the new concept of self-constraint for proof-of-concept research. It will extensively study the effect of molecular structure on the gelation mechanism, gelation process, the phase transition temperature, mechanical stability and rheological properties. This research will investigate the relationships between chemical structure, composition, viscosity and rheological properties and the tribological performance and reveal their tribological mechanisms under boundary and elastohydrodynamic lubrication conditions. Eventually, gel lubricants and lubrication systems with excellent lubrication and wear resistance properties will be arrived. The results will provide theoretical basis and technical guidance to the development of a new kind of lubricating material and improve the service life of a machine.

油、脂润滑是减少摩擦、降低机械磨损的有效手段之一，它不仅起到润滑作用，同时也能缓和机械振动、防止腐蚀生锈等。但是在机械运转过程中，油、脂润滑面临一些亟待解决的问题，因为机械运动部件的密封很难完美，油润滑会出现泄露、爬移、挥发，不仅会加速机械润滑失效，还会污染环境、浪费资源；脂润滑转速受限、导热效果差、分油，严重影响其润滑性能。本项目将发展一类新型具有“自约束”行为的润滑体系：通过特殊设计分子发生自组装，凝胶化润滑油，用于机械润滑部件中，创新性地提出自约束润滑概念并加以论证。将深入研究分子自组装凝胶化的原理，探讨分子结构对其成胶过程、热相变、机械稳定性和流变性能的影响规律；关联化学结构、组成、粘度、流变性能和摩擦学性能的关系规律，揭示边界润滑和弹性流体动压条件下自约束凝胶润滑剂摩擦学机制，获得具有优异润滑抗磨性能润滑剂。研究结果将为发展新型润滑材料，提高机械使用寿命提供重要的理论和技术指导。

机械运转过程中，油、脂润滑面临一些亟待解决的问题，因为机械运动部件的密封很难完美，油润滑会出现泄露、爬移、挥发，不仅会加速机械润滑失效，还会污染环境、浪费资源；脂润滑转速受限、导热效果差、分油，严重影响其润滑性能。本项目发展了一类新型具有“自约束”行为的润滑体系：通过特殊设计分子发生自组装，凝胶化润滑油，用于机械润滑部件中，创新性地提出自约束润滑概念并加以论证。深入研究了分子自组装凝胶化的原理，探讨了分子结构对其成胶过程、热相变、机械稳定性和流变性能的影响规律；关联化学结构、组成、粘度、流变性能和摩擦学性能的关系规律，揭示了边界润滑和弹性流体动压条件下自约束凝胶润滑剂摩擦学机制，获得具有优异润滑抗磨性能润滑剂。凝胶作为含油轴承的润滑剂，在保持优异润滑性能的基础上储油稳定性大大提高，延长机械的运转寿命。“自约束”凝胶润滑剂解决了润滑油、脂长期存在的科学技术问题，研究结果为发展新型润滑材料，提高机械使用寿命提供重要的理论和技术指导。本项目共申报中国发明专利26件，其中授权专利6件，在Chem. Soc. Rev.，J. Mater. Chem. A，ACS Appl Mater Interf，Adv Mater Interf 和 Tribo Inter，Tribol Lett 等摩擦学专业学术期刊发表SCI收录论文29篇，EI论文3篇，共发表论文32篇。