基于透镜阵列的机载共形光学系统动态像差校正方法研究

Conformal optical technology is a frontier topic in the field of optical engineering. The conformal window introduces dynamic aberration varying with the look angle, which creats challenge for the design of aircraft conformal optical systems. The use of static optical correction elements may keep the stability of electro-optic system, but the dynamic aberration for conformal windows can be compensated by static optical correction elements only in a very limited scanning angle range. In view of without feasible static solutions to dynamic aberration for aircraft conformal optical systems in a large scanning angle range both at home and abroad, the applicant of this project puts forward the concept and method of the dynamic aberration correction for conformal optical systems on aircrafts using lens arrays. First, on the basis of studying the optical path structure and aberration characteristics of every scanning imaging channel in conformal optical system, the applicant of this project plans to establish the optimal placement and arrangement of structure of the lens array, the design method of the surface shape of each lens unit in the lens array, and the suppression method of images cross talk stray light between different lens units. The aberration of each scanning imaging channel beam is corrected by each lens unit, and such the dynamic aberration correction is realized. Next, a conformal optical system will be designed using a lens array and the lens array will be manufactured. At last, the experimental measurement of aberration introduced by the lens array at different look angles will be conducted to verify the theory of the aberration correction. The study of this project is very important for guiding the design of high performance conformal optical systems with large scanning angles on aircrafts.

共形光学技术是光学工程领域的前沿课题。共形窗口引入的随扫描视角变化而改变的动态像差给机载共形光学系统设计带来了挑战。利用静态的光学校正元件可以保持光电系统稳定性，但仅能在很有限的扫描视角范围内校正窗口动态像差。针对目前国内外无有效可行的静态校正途径可以实现大扫描视角机载共形光学系统动态像差校正，本项目提出了基于透镜阵列的机载共形光学系统动态像差校正概念及方法。本项目拟在共形光学系统各扫描成像通道光路结构特点及像差特性研究的基础上建立透镜阵列的最佳植入位置及结构排布、建立透镜阵列中各透镜单元面形设计方法以及透镜单元间像窜扰杂光抑制方法，利用各透镜单元分别校正各扫描成像通道光束的像差，实现动态像差校正；完成基于透镜阵列的共形光学系统设计并研制透镜阵列，给出透镜阵列在不同扫描视角引入像差的实验测试，验证像差校正原理。开展本项目的研究对于指导高性能机载大扫描视角共形光学系统的设计具有重要意义。

共形光学技术是光学工程领域的前沿课题。共形窗口引入的随扫描视角变化而改变的动态像差给机载共形光学系统设计带来了挑战。利用静态的光学校正元件可以保持光电系统稳定性，但仅能在很有限的扫描视角范围内校正窗口动态像差。针对目前国内外无有效可行的静态校正途径实现大扫描视角动态像差校正，本项目提出了基于透镜阵列的机载共形光学系统动态像差校正概念及方法。本项目首先建立了共形光学系统的初始结构，分析出共形光学系统引入的主要动态像差。针对共形光学系统各扫描成像通道光路特点，建立了透镜阵列的最佳植入位置及结构排布，分别提出了两种动态像差校正方案：基于固定校正板和透镜阵列校正器的动态像差校正方案和基于共形光学窗口内表面和透镜阵列校正器的动态像差校正方案。两种方案均实现了在42°扫描视场范围内，将共形光学窗口动态像差减小至1个波长范围内。完成了基于透镜阵列的共形光学系统设计并研制了透镜阵列，完成了在不同扫描视角对透镜阵列校正器引入像差的实验测试。之后我们将该技术应用于共形整流罩的像差校正，通过优化共形整流罩内表面和二维自由曲面透镜阵列校正器，在扫描视角内，将共形整流罩动态像差校正至0.5个波长范围内。本项目的研究成果对于指导高性能机载或弹载大扫描视角共形光学系统的设计和应用具有重要意义。