精准扶贫背景下村级互助担保基金发育、运行绩效及响应机理研究——以宁夏为例

Establishing perfect household financing guarantee innovation model is an important approach to solve the financing problems of poor peasant households. First of all, the study based on environment of the precision of poverty alleviation policy in our country, presenting systematic economic theory for the relations of the rural credit guarantee system vicissitudes and farmers financing from the perspective of institutional change. Furthermore ,the study analysises the growth and developmental characteristics of the village-level the mutual guarantee fund taking Ningxia as an example. Secondly, the study explores the mechanism of formation and operation performance of the village-level the mutual guarantee fund based on the government, the signing of agricultural financial institutions and farmers perspective . Finally, the study analysis the response mechanism of the village-level the mutual guarantee fund comparing the farmers’ demand and availability of the formal credit between single farmer and the new type of agricultural management main body from the perspective of theoretical and realistic demand. Meantime , the study evaluate the effect of poverty alleviation of pilot villages farmers participating and using mutual guarantee with the double difference method and matching method fund financing mode . And then the study exploring the response condition for the survival and promote of the village mutual guarantee fund in order to establish a more scientific and perfect operation mechanism.So the study has great realistic meaning and profound theoretical value precising solution of the problem of poor farmers financing difficult.

建立完善的农户融资担保创新模式是解决贫困农户融资难的重要途径。本研究首先基于我国精准扶贫的政策环境,从制度变迁视角对农村信用担保制度变迁与农户融资关系进行系统性的经济理论梳理，并以宁夏为例分析村级互助担保基金产生动因和发育特征。其次，基于政府、签约涉农金融机构和农户等各利益主体的视角来探讨村级互助担保基金信用互动机制的形成和运行绩效。最后，通过对农户（小农户和新型农业经营主体）正规信贷需求和可获性的比较研究，从理论逻辑和现实需求角度剖析村级互助担保基金的响应机理；并利用双重差分法和倾向匹配法对试点村农户参与和使用互助担保基金融资模式的扶贫效果进行评价，进而发掘村级互助担保基金得以生存和推广的响应条件，以期建立更加科学、完善的运行机制，对精准解决贫困农户“融资难”的问题有着重大的现实意义和深远的理论价值。

建立完善的农户融资担保创新模式是解决低收入农户家庭融资难的重要途径。本项目首先基于我国脱贫攻坚成果巩固和乡村振兴全面推进的叠加时期,从制度变迁视角对农村信用担保制度变迁与农户融资关系进行系统性经济理论梳理，并以宁夏为例分析了村级互助担保基金试点产生动因、发育特征和实践困境。其次，从政府、签约涉农金融机构和农户各利益主体视角来探讨村级互助担保基金信用互动机制，并对试点村农户参与和使用互助担保基金融资模式的扶贫效果进行评价，进而发掘其得以生存和推广的响应条件。通过实地调研和实证分析以及运行机制的理论分析得出，互助担保基金降低了银行与农户之间的交易成本和信贷风险，创新了农村信用担保制度。同时发现利用农户社会资本可以进一步完善农村信用担保体系。但村级互助担保基金运行中仍存在签约金融机构贷款额度受限、农户互助担保基金参与率较低、互助担保基金资金来源渠道单一和互助担保运行机制缺乏长效性等问题。最后提出，农村互助担保组织可以采取多渠道筹措资金和多种组织形式，引导农民专业合作社、家庭农场、行业协会、社会团体出资增强担保能力，提高小农户和规模农户的信贷融资能力。引入第三方信用担保可以使传统的“银行—农户”信贷模式向更多新型信贷模式转变。此外，在已有风险防范机制引入专业合作社进行风险监督和约束，让农户发展生产不再畏惧“风险”，对接现代化农业生产。从建立健全农业产业化利益联结机制、加强农户社会资本禀赋积累激励、创新信贷产品和服务机制以增强农户正规贷款的可获性，从农户需求出发着力创新农村正规金融的组织形式和完善农村金融市场机制，强化正规金融支持政策等方面提出相应的政策建议和对策。项目资助发表核心论文3篇，其他论文5篇，待发表2篇。培养在读硕士生4名。项目投入经费27万元，支出15.38万元，支出基本与预算相符。剩余经费11.62万元，剩余经费计划用于项目研究后续支出。