制造企业如何从服务创新中获取收益？基于创新获利理论的研究

Service innovation has been one of the important ways for Chinese manufacturing firms to obtain sustainable competitive advantage. Thus how to obtain benefits from service innovation becomes a critical research question for manufacturing firms.The theory of Profiting from Innovation(PFI) by Teece provides a new perspective from the firm level,arguing that the capability to profit from innovation depends on firms' appropriability regime and complementary assets. The existing research, however, only concentrate on profiting from product innovation. Due to the differences between product innovation and service innovation, the current findings of product innovation cannot be directly applied to service innovation.Therefore, based on PFI theory, this project will identify the regimes of appropriability and complementary assets that influence firms' capability to profit from service innovation.Then this project will discuss their direct and interactive effects on firms' profiting from different types of service innovation. In addition, this project will examine how the transitional economy influences the effects above. Theoretically, this study not only improves the service innovation theory, but also enriches PFI theory. Practically, under the dual backgrounds of industrial upgrading and structure adjustment, this study helps firms benefit from service innovation and successfully achieve the transformation and upgrading.

通过服务创新进行产业升级和结构调整是中国制造业获得可持续竞争优势的重要途径。在这种转型中，如何帮助制造企业从服务创新中获取收益成为一个关键问题。Teece的创新获利理论从企业层面为解决该问题提供了重要思路，认为从创新中获取收益的能力取决于企业独占性机制和自身互补资产，但现有研究仅集中在分析两者对于产品创新收益的影响。由于服务创新与产品创新存在显著特征差异，现有研究结论并不能直接推广到服务创新。因此本项目将基于创新获利理论，探索影响制造企业获取服务创新收益的独占性机制和互补资产，分析它们对不同类型服务创新收益的直接和交互影响作用；以及转型经济环境如何影响这些作用的发挥。理论上，将创新获利理论拓展到制造企业服务创新领域，既有效地推动了服务创新理论的发展，同时促进了创新获利理论的深化和完善。实践上，针对我国制造企业产业升级和结构调整的双重背景，帮助企业通过提高服务创新获利能力，成功实现转型升级。

服务创新已经成为继产品创新之后，推动企业发展的重要引擎之一；许多制造企业已经纷纷行动开始进行服务创新，然而并不是所有企业都能从服务创新中获取收益。本项目将创新获利理论引入服务创新领域，研究在我国转型情境下，哪些独占性机制和互补资产有助于制造企业从服务创新中获利。本项目通过案例分析和实证研究表明：（1）服务导向的人力资源管理能够极大的促进服务创新的绩效。（2）企业的所有权性质，例如独资还是合资，极大的影响了企业从创新中获利的方式。（3）在中国情境下，与外部的关系，如顾客关系、同行关系、与中介机构的关系等，是企业的重要获利机制。（4）外部市场环境，如竞争环境、法律环境、市场不确定性、技术不确定性等都对企业的获利机制有重要影响。总之，本项目既有效地推动了服务创新理论的发展，同时促进了创新获利理论的深化和完善。同时，对我国制造企业通过提高服务创新获利能力，以实现产业升级和结构调整有实践指导意义。