南极中山站及普里兹湾上空海洋气溶胶化学研究

Marine aerosol samples were collected continually at Zhongshan station in Antarctic from Mar.7, 1998 to Nov.23, 1999. Twenty two aerosol samples were also taken in the atmosphere over oceans during the Sixteenth Chinese Antarctic Research Expedition from Nov.1999 to April 2000. Chemical composition and its spatial and temporal characteristics of marine aerosol were discussed. Meanwhile study of sources discrimination of the chemical elements in the marine aerosols using methods of factor analysis, correlation analysis and enrichment factor. The results show that (1) The mean content of Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Fe、Al、Mn、Cr、V、K、Na、Ca、Mg in marine aerosol at Zhongshan station is 0.778、0.431、6.655、0.047、14.92、32.91、0.299、0.626、0.640、137.3、1928、64.99、164.1(ng/m3),respectively. (2) The content of chemical element in aerosol at Zhongshan station appeared to be characteristics of seasonal variation, which were related to features of meteorological element. (3) The chemical elements of marine aerosol mainly originated from continental weathered crusts, sea water and continental pollutants. (4) The spatial variability of the chemical element in aerosol over the different ocean display a significant geographical pattern. In the ocean which mainly impacted by the continent, such as the Western Pacific (from Changjiang River estuary to Singapore),the content of chemical element in aerosol is the highest.In the South Ocean,which is far away continent,the content of chemical element in aerosol is the lowest. The mean content of chemical element in marine aerosol over different ocean, from the highest to the lowest, is as follows: The Western Pacific> The East Indian ocean> South Ocean> Prydz Bay. (5) In the district of Zhongshan station, the inclination of temperature downfall is apparent in recent. The air temperature has large difference in year, The air is so dry that the relative humidity is small. The east wind is the popular wind and the power is strong.In austal summer, down-wind appears frequently. The feature of continental climate is apparent.

通过现场周年采集南极中山站上空大气气溶胶样品，研究南极中山站及普里兹湾上空气溶胶的化学组成及其时空分布变化的特征，探索气溶胶主要成分的来源，估算南极中山站邻近海域海气界面交换的通量。对于研究远离大陆的海洋边界层的海气物质交换、探索南极大气和海洋在全球生物地球化学循环和交换中的作用都具有重要的科学意义。