基于微生物模板形体特征的封装成形基础研究

Microorganisms in nature supply abundant microstructure resource for human being because of their many shapes, diversified substructure and broad scales. The research of bio-based functional particles is mainly restricted to direct utility of microorganism template without considering material encapsulation in microorganism. A new bio-encapsulating forming method based on microorganism templates was proposed in this project, which to encapsulate the functional materials in microorganism with a series of integrated method. This will not only make full use of the advantage of microorganism templates, but also will solve the difficult problems, such as less material type of bio-limited forming, larger duty ratio of inner templates and poorer integrated performance. The key technologies of bio-encapsulating forming will be studied, such as bio-limited forming with hollow and porosity, and encapsulating the functional materials in microorganism templates. The key scientific problems of bio-encapsulating forming will be revealed, such as control rules of pore structure and material encapsulating. The methods of performance evaluation and characterization for bio-encapsulating functional particles will be explored. As a result, the new process and theory of bio-deforming processing method will be built, which will further expand the bio machining & forming technique branches, and will offer a new way for the fabrication of complex particles with complex micro/nano structures.

自然界中的微生物形状种类繁多、亚结构千姿百态、尺寸跨度广，为人类提供了丰富的生物加工构形资源。但目前关于生物构造复杂结构功能微粒的主要研究局限于微生物原型模板表面直接约束成膜，未考虑内核功能材料封装问题。为了充分发挥微生物模板的形体结构优势，同时解决生物约束成形构造的核壳功能微粒材质类型少、内核生物模板占空比偏大、综合性能提升空间有限等问题，本项目提出基于微生物模板形体特征的生物封装成形方法，对生物基核壳微粒进行内核功能材料封装调控。研究微生物模板空心孔隙化约束成形、空心多孔结构微粒内核封装等关键技术，揭示微生物表面镀膜孔隙结构调控规律、内核功能材料封装调控规律等关键科学问题，探索生物基封装成形功能微粒的性能评价与表征方法。从而建立一种生物加工成形新方法，拓展生物加工技术的理论体系，为多功能集成的复杂微纳结构微粒制造及调控提供新的手段。

基于微生物模板形体特征的生物封装成形方法是对生物基核壳微粒进行内核功能材料封装调控，这样不仅可以充分发挥微生物模板的形体结构优势，同时还可以有效解决生物约束成形构造的核壳功能微粒材质类型少、内核生物模板占空比偏大、综合性能提升空间有限等问题。主要研究内容包括：微生物模板空心孔隙化约束成形、空心多孔结构微粒内核封装、生物基封装成形功能微粒的性能评价与表征。.完成了对微生物原型模板外形及亚结构的分类，为复杂微结构生物加工成形提供了重要参考；研究了以螺旋藻和圆筛藻为代表的微生物原型模板，实施多孔化薄膜成形工艺以及内核模板去除工艺，为后续封装成形提供成形模板；在圆筛藻孔隙结构优化的基础上，采用真空注入的方法，将纳米功能颗粒封装到微生物原型模板内核中，为复杂结构功能微粒制造开辟新思路；研究了生物基封装功能微粒的电磁性能和力学性能，拓展了其在电磁领域的应用，挖掘潜在的工程应用价值。.相关研究拓展了生物加工技术的理论体系，为多功能集成的复杂微纳结构微粒制造及调控提供新的手段，部分研究成果具有良好的工程价值。