大规模储能电源参与电网快速调频的关键理论与技术研究

Accompanied with massive penetration of wind power of high permeability，the shortage of reserves in the grid is more challenging than ever before. Meanwhile, ESS' (energy storage system) features of "rapid response" have made it capable of securing stability and reliability of the grid, thus, a new option for auxiliary services like frequency regulation. Under this circumstance, the project intends to construct a technical and economic assessment model of ESSs, analyze the necessity, advantages and value of ESS' participation in frequency regulation of the grid. The project also aims at determining the intrinsic connection between frequency increment and load increment with ESS' participation in PFR (primary frequency regulation) by studying the frequency characteristics of regional power grids and that of conventional power generators, proposing an allocation method of the area control error signal with ESS' participation in SFR(secondary frequency regulation), determining the optimal commission timing and depth of ESSs; The project will research proper scenarios for ESS' application in frequency regulation and establish a capacity allocation model for ESSs to achieve optimal performance and economic benefits in these scenarios; By studying the interaction and constraints between technical and economic characteristic parameters of ESS and the stability of the grid frequency, the dominant characteristic parameters of ESS will be found out, unveiling the mechanism of ESS' ability to improve frequency regulation; At last, the project intends to put forward a coordinated control strategy for ESS' participation in frequency regulation and develop a centralized control software package for it. These research results can effectively promote the use of ESS in the field of domestic frequency regulation and guide its planning and construction.

随着高渗透率风电的大规模并网，现有调频容量不足的问题日益突出。储能系统的"快速响应"特性使得其作为电网调频的辅助手段，能够满足电网的稳定性和可靠性要求。以此为背景，本项目拟通过构建储能系统的技术经济模型，分析储能技术参与电网调频的必要性、优势以及价值；研究区域电网和传统电源的频率特性，确定储能系统参与一次调频时频率增量与负荷增量的内在联系，提出储能系统参与二次调频时区域控制误差信号的分配方法，确定储能系统的最佳投运时机和深度；研究储能系统参与调频的应用场景，获取各场景下性能/经济最优的容量配置方案；研究储能的技术经济参量与电网频率稳定性的相互作用与制约关系，确定参与调频应用的储能系统的主导特征参量，揭示其改善电网调频能力的机理；研究储能系统进行电网调频的协调控制方法，开发储能系统参与电网调频的集控控制技术软件包。此课题研究成果可有效引导储能系统在我国电网调频领域中的推广应用与规划建设方向。

随着高渗透率风电的大规模并网，现有调频容量不足的问题日益突出。储能系统的"快速响应"特性使得其作为电网调频的辅助手段，能够满足电网的稳定性和可靠性要求。本项目研究了储能技术参与电网调频的必要性，比较了不同类型储能电源参与电网调频的效果；通过分析调频工况的幅值和充放电频率特点，提出了满足调频研究需求的仿真模型，基于多个磷酸铁锂电池的实验数据，辨识出仿真模型中的参数并验证了其有效性，针对超级电容储能，提出了超级电容储能系统动态综合等效模型；提出了一种考虑储能电池参与一次调频技术经济模型的容量配置方法，提出了一种利用滑动平均法和经验模态分解（the empirical mode decomposition, EMD）获得储能参考功率的混合储能（hybrid energy storage system，HESS）功率和容量配置方法，针对高倍率钛酸锂电池，进行了面向电网全调频过程的容量优化配置研究；提出了一种考虑动作时机与深度的储能电池参与一、二次调频的控制策略，提出了一种考虑储能电池荷电状态因素的调频自适应控制策略，并给出了储能电池参与调频的时域评价指标；针对电池储能电源参与自动发电控制采用区域控制需求信号按固定比例分配的缺陷，提出了一种基于区域控制偏差信号分配的储能电源控制方式，利用Logistic回归函数的特性，提出了一种电池储能电源辅助火电机组参与二次调频的综合控制策略；研究了储能应用于电网暂态稳定控制，提出了采取切机措施同时联合储能电源进行暂态紧急控制的策略；研发了储能电池参与电网调频的分析与控制软件，包含面向电网调频的储能电池仿真模型构建及参数辨识、容量优化配置、控制策略设计等功能。