面向大型电网仿真的多类型储能系统建模关键理论与技术

The component models required in grid simulation are facing more challenging requirements in order to cope with the vigorously advocated constructions of smart grid and rapid development of intermittent power such as wind power generation and photovoltaic (PV) generation. Based on the background, the project is dedicated to study the operational mechanism of typical energy storage technology including super capacitor,flywheel, lithium battery, redox flow battery, sodium-sulfur cell and lead-acid battery, establishing digital simulation models of typical energy storge system and constructing a digital simulation platform for distribution network with multi-intermittent generations and multi-type energy storage systems. Then, based on thorough understanding of the electrical equivalent characteristics and interaction mechanism of those typical energy storage devices, a comprehensive equivalent model of generating system with intermittent generations and multi-type energy storage devices will be worked out to meet the demands of actual grid simulation. With research into the complementary properties, interaction mechanism and its principles between typical energy storge equipments, wind power and PV generations, the optimal allocation model of multi-type energy storage system with the ability to restrain the power output fluctuation characteristics of intermittent generation can be built. Besides, the establishment of generalized comprehensive load model system of a distribution network containing generating system with intermittent distributed generarions and multi-type energy storage devices can be accomplished on the basis of reseach on the comprehensive load characteristics of the distribution network. Finally,a pratical and adaptive system theory and method of generalized comprehensive load modelling can be established.

风能和太阳能光伏发电等间歇性电源的快速发展及智能电网建设的强力推进，对电网仿真计算所需的元件模型提出了新的更高的要求。以此为背景，本项目拟深入研究超级电容器、锂电池、飞轮、液流电池、钠硫电池、铅酸电池等典型储能技术的工作机理，建立典型储能系统的数字仿真模型，构建含多间歇性电源和多类型储能系统的配电网数字仿真平台；研究典型储能装置的电气等效特性和相互影响机理，建立满足电网仿真环境需求的间歇性电源-多类型储能装置发电系统的综合等效模型；研究典型储能装置与风电及光伏发电电源的互补特性、相互作用机理及其规律，建立平抑间歇性电源出力波动特性的多类型储能系统的优化配置模型；研究含间歇性电源和多类型储能系统的配电网综合负荷特性，建立含分布式间歇性电源-多类型储能装置发电系统的配电网广义综合负荷模型体系；形成实用化、适应于含分布式间歇性电源-多类型储能装置发电系统的配电网广义综合负荷建模的系统理论与方法。

本项目深入研究锂离子电池、铅酸电池、液流电池、镍氢电池等典型电化学电池和超级电容器等典型储能电源的工作机理和运行特性，构建了上述五种典型储能电源的单体储能元件、单体成组模块和系统集成储能装置的仿真模型体系，提出了满足大型电网仿真计算需求的多类型储能系统的机电暂态综合等效模型；开发了典型储能电源机电暂态综合等效模型与PSASP的两种接口程序（UPI和UDM），实现了典型储能电源机电暂态综合等效模型在PSASP中的灵活嵌入；研究了含双馈式风力发电系统（DFIG）、微型燃气轮机（MTG）的配电网综合广义负荷特性及分布式电源（DG）对配网的影响，构建了含DFIG、MTG的配电网综合广义负荷仿真模型体系，提出一种能描述逆变并网型DG机电暂态特性的动态等效模型；以一、二次调频和无功补偿等典型应用场景为研究背景，研究了多类型储能电源和间歇性分布式电源的优化配置方法；以平抑风电出力波动为研究背景综合运用自适应控制原理、小波变换理论和双层模糊控制原理，提出了一种自适应储能功率修正的多类型储能系统平滑控制策略；开发了含间歇式电源（风电、光伏等）、多类型储能系统及不同特性负荷的多类型储能系统的数字仿真平台，该平台可为储能电源、间歇式电源、储能电源或（和）间歇式电源接入电网提供功能比较完善的仿真研究工具。