开挖卸荷诱发岩爆的物理试验模拟及量测

Rockburst is one of the extremely complicated dynamic hazards confronted in deep underground excavations. The problem has become the main technological bottlenecks of underground construction. In order to address this sophisticated problems, we attempts to conduct physical simulation for rockbursts induced by excavation and unloading under three dimensional state of stress using the methods of model test. The rock structure, crustal stress and the excavation speeds are the three main factors which will be taken into consideration to study the initiation mechanism of rockbursts. Then a variety of means will be used to monitor the internal stress and strain of the model, the location of cracks, convergence and the failure of the chamber during the tests. The expected results can provide data to support the further study of the initiation mechanism, evolutions and critical threshold of rockburst. The project is expected to promote the development of rockbursts and provide a useful guidance to engineering practice.

岩爆是一种极其复杂的动力灾害现象，已成为深地下工程建设中的技术瓶颈。本项目拟采用模型试验的方法，通过开展三维应力条件下开挖卸荷诱发岩爆物理模拟试验，研究岩体自身构造、地应力、开挖卸荷速度等因素对岩爆孕育规律的影响，以期获取岩爆发生的临界条件；进而通过综合多种测试方法，监测开挖卸荷过程中模型内应力应变、内部损伤、裂纹位置、硐室表面收敛变形以及破坏等多元物理量信息变化过程，揭示岩爆孕育机制、临界阈值及演化规律。项目预期研究成果对于推动岩爆研究发展和指导工程实践具有重要意义。

岩爆是一种极其复杂的动力灾害现象，其不仅导致设备损坏，还严重威胁施工人员生命安全，已成为深地下工程建设中的技术瓶颈。本项目针对深部岩体工程岩爆灾害，采用相似模型试验的方法，开展了地质力学模型试验关键技术、三维应力状态下模型内部综合量测技术以及深地下开挖卸荷诱发岩爆物理模拟试验研究，研究获取了脆性岩体相似材料的制备方法及相似模型制作工艺，建立一套有效获取模型内部多元物理量信息的测试方法，室内再现现场三维应力条件下因开挖卸荷诱发的岩爆现象，获取了岩爆发生发展过程及其模型内部参量变化规律，最后根据试验数据，结合理论分析、数值仿真计算结果，阐明了岩爆孕育演化规律，并建立了岩爆力学发生机制。为工程现场岩爆灾害预测预报和防治奠定了基础。