受载煤岩自电位、电荷感应和声发射规律及其应用研究

Rockburst is the one of serious natural disaster of mine in our country. A separate prediction method can not meet the need of rockburst prediction, comprehensive prediction method can greatly improve the accuracy and timeliness of rockburst prediction. Based on the self-potential,charge induction and acoustic emission signals in the precursor signals in the process of rockburst generation, according to the basic theory of rock mechanics, electrical and geophysics, the methods combining theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, experimental research and in-situ monitoring are used. The charge sensor is improved, the self-potential sensor, the acoustic emission sensor and data collector are developed, the comprehensive monitoring system of coal rock deformation and frature is set up. According to experimental research on different coal rock samples, compound coal rock samples and pre-cracked coal rock samples under different loading conditions (uniaxial compression, tension, three-point bending, shear), the regularity, generating mechanism and influence factors of the self-potential,charge induction and acoustic emission signals of coal rock under load are explored. According to the instability mechanism of rockburst occurrence, rockburst is classified to study, and the rockburst mines of the different types is monitored in underground. And then, the system of comprehensive monitoring technology (self-potential, charge induction and acoustic emission) is formed. At last, we can improve coal mine rockburst prediction accuracy and minimize the economic losses and casualties caused by rockburst occurrence.

冲击地压是我国矿井严重的自然灾害，一种单独的预测方法无法满足预测的需要，综合预测能大大提高预测的准确性、及时性。本项目基于冲击地压孕育发生过程的前兆信号有自电位、电荷感应和声发射等信号，根据岩石力学、电学和地球物理学的基本理论，采用理论分析、数值模拟、试验研究和现场测试相结合的方法，改进电荷传感器，研制自电位传感器和声发射传感器以及数据采集器，形成煤岩变形破裂综合监测系统；对不同类型煤岩试样、组合煤岩试样和预制裂纹煤岩试样在不同受载条件下（单轴压缩、拉伸、三点弯曲、剪切）进行试验研究，探索受载煤岩产生自电位、电荷感应和声发射信号的变化规律以及信号的产生机理和影响因素；根据冲击地压发生失稳机理的不同对冲击地压进行分类研究，并选择不同冲击地压类型矿井分别进行现场监测，形成系统的综合监测（自电位、电荷感应和声发射）技术，提高冲击地压预测的准确率，最大程度地降低冲击地压造成的经济损失和人员伤亡。

冲击地压是我国矿井严重的自然灾害，一种单独的预测方法无法满足预测的需要，综合预测能大大提高预测的准确性、及时性。采用理论分析和实验研究相结合的方法，获得了煤岩材料变形破坏过程，研制了煤岩变形破裂过程多参量（包括微震、电荷感应、自电位和声发射）综合监测系统，给出了煤岩电荷传感器的设计原理及其标定技术指标，研制了岩体自电位传感器。通过开展不同类型煤岩试样、预制裂纹煤岩试样和含水煤岩试样在单轴压缩、循环、三点弯曲和剪切等加载条件下综合监测室内实验，研究了煤岩变形破裂过程中电荷产生、运移和积聚过程，得到了煤岩变形破裂全过程多参量（包括微震、电荷感应、自电位和声发射）前兆信息，声发射监测数据能较好地反映岩石的微小破裂情况，可利用声发射进行微裂纹的定位，试样变形破裂过程的电荷感应和自电位信号比微震信号更早发生，受到的干扰更小，可利用早期的电荷感应和自电位信号进行提前预警，当频繁出现同步且幅值较大的各参量信号时，表明岩石即将进入失稳破坏阶段，可利用微震和声发射对震源进行定位，估计震级的大小，微震、电荷感应、自电位和声发射信号相互对比分析从而准确获得岩石失稳破坏的前兆信息。设计研发了以便携式电荷监测仪、在线式电荷监测系统为主要组成的电荷感应监测体系，实现了全矿井冲击地压的自动化监测、网络化管理，将深井动力灾害电荷监测系统应用于平顶山八矿和双鸭山集贤煤矿。研制了高密度高频多参量（微震、电荷感应和自电位）冲击地压地面实时监测系统，建立了冲击地压预测的综合监测技术，在阜新五龙矿和双鸭山集贤煤矿得到了应用。冲击地压综合监测技术可提高煤矿动力灾害的监测及预警准确率，预测煤岩动力灾害危险性,进而采取相应的防治措施，对改变我国煤矿安全状况有重要意义。本项目在国内外权威刊物上发表论文17篇，其中被EI收录5篇，共申请10项国家发明专利，其中授权7项国家发明专利，培养毕业硕士、博士5名，在读硕士、博士5名。