瓦斯煤岩变形破裂过程声发射和电荷复合信号变化规律研究

Mines power disasters breeding and happening such as coal and gas outburst is the coal and rock fracture and release energy accumulation process, it contains many of the relevant mechanical scientific problems. Based on the Chinese mine power hazard prediction accuracy is low, using of acoustic emission, charge change and the relationship between the deformation and fracture of coal and rock containing gas, combining the theoretical analysis and experimental research methods, considering influencing factors such as geostress, gas pressure and gas adsorption and desorption dynamic process etc, to study the coal and rock samples acoustic and electricity signals generated mechanism in the process of deformation and fracture with loading and unloading conditions, to explore coal rock deformation and fracture and gas migration rule. Setting up the acoustic and electrical signals generation, migration, accumulation, mutation model in process of different types of mine coal and gas outburst power disaster gestated and happened, raised gas outburst disasters recognition and test methods based on the acoustic emission signal and charge signal, revealed different types of coal and gas outburst power disaster precursor of the acoustic and electrical signals unity and particularity. Studied and made mixed type of acoustic and electrical experiment equipment to monitor the coal and gas outburst that main parts are high performance acoustic emission devices and charge sensor, formed coal and gas outburst mines power disaster monitoring technology with acoustic and electrical signals.

煤与瓦斯突出矿山动力灾害孕育发生过程伴随有煤岩体变形破裂、能量积聚、转移与释放，其中蕴含了许多与力学相关的科学问题。基于我国矿山动力灾害预测准确率较低的现状，利用声发射、电荷变化和含瓦斯煤岩变形破裂之间的相互关系，采用理论分析与实验研究相结合的研究方法，考虑地应力、瓦斯压力和瓦斯吸附解吸动态过程等影响因素，研究瓦斯煤岩在加卸载条件下变形破裂过程中的声电信号产生机理，探索瓦斯煤岩变形破裂规律及瓦斯运移规律。建立不同类型煤与瓦斯突出动力灾害孕育与发生过程中声电信号的产生、运移、积聚、突变模型，提出基于声发射和电荷复合信号的瓦斯突出灾害识别与监测方法，揭示不同类型煤与瓦斯突出动力灾害声发射、电荷复合信号的统一性与特殊性。研制以高性能声发射、电荷接收装置为主要部件的声发射、电荷复合式煤与瓦斯突出监测实验设备，形成煤与瓦斯突出矿山动力灾害声发射、电荷监测技术。

为了探究瓦斯煤岩变形破坏过程声发射、电荷时空演化规律及煤岩体力学性质和瓦斯运移特性，以期突破煤岩体动力灾害孕育力学机制这一关键科学问题。成功设计并研制了可视化煤岩流固耦合加载装置及声-电荷信号监测系统，为开展基于图像观测和数字监测结果反演煤体流固耦合力学行为、细宏观裂隙时空演化和孔隙流压变化规律提供了试验基础。采用理论分析、物理试验和信号分析相结合，深入研究了瓦斯煤岩变形破裂过程的声-电荷信号产生、运移、积聚和突变规律，建立了煤岩破坏力-电耦合模型，揭示了声发射与电荷信号间的异步关系及其本质原因。研发并改进了分布式、连续式电荷传感器，实现了声-电荷信号的同步采集。基于数字信号分析方法，研究了瓦斯煤岩破裂过程声发射与电荷信号的时-频域特征，编制了降噪和有效信号提取程序，实现了瓦斯煤岩破坏过程声-电荷信号的有效提取和高速分析；将现场工业性应用试验与室内试验相结合，建立了冲击倾向指标与电荷关键参数的关系模型。项目从理论分析、试验研究角度深入阐述了不同应力阶段瓦斯煤岩的失稳机制，从数字信号处理与分析角度构建了有效信号识别方法，提出了区别电荷信号与高频电磁辐射信号的主要标志，从现场应用角度，在两个典型冲击-突出工作面开展了现场监测试验，监测获取的电荷数据能较好的反映现场开采过程的煤体应力场和瓦斯场变化，提出了适用于该工作面的冲击-突出危险判据，研究工作对掌握复杂地质构造和应力场影响下的煤体失稳致灾力学机制和实现煤体动灾声-电精细化监测具有较重要的科学意义和工程价值。