Recent studies have established that excessive intake of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-6 PUFAs) is associated with chronic inflammation and autoimmune disorders . We have discovered that achieving a balance of omega-6 and omega-3 PUFAs could significantly make beta cells have nearly complete resistance to cytokine-induced cell death. In addition, omega-3 PUFAs could change the Th1/Th2 cell balance into Th2 type. Hence, we suppose that elevated level of omega-3 PUFAs and balance the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 have protective effect on beta cells through modulating some autoimmune related cells, such as T cells and so on. The goal of this study is to investigate the direct impact of omega-3 PUFAs on the functions and viability of immune cells involved in Autoimmune Thyroiditis . We propose to further explore these direct beneficial effects (as well as the underlying mechanisms) of omega-3 PUFAs on the survival and functions of immune cells, and to uncover the potential therapeutic benefits of omega-3 PUFAs, particularly in animal models that are either Autoimmune Thyroiditis or genetically prone to develop Autoimmune Thyroiditis .
研究表明,omega-6/omega-3不饱和脂肪酸(PUFAs)在机体内的比例严重失衡(约20:1)是造成慢性炎症、自身免疫失衡和代谢紊乱的重要原因之一。我们前期的研究发现,通过调节omega-6/omega-3的比例,omega-3 PUFAs能够促进Th细胞向Th2方向分化、抵抗炎症;此外,内源性omega-3 PUFAs抵抗细胞因子引发的炎症所导致的细胞凋亡,具有保护细胞存活和功能的作用。多项相关研究及我们的前期工作提示,omega-3 PUFAs可能通过免疫干预对自身免疫性甲状腺炎的发生和病理发展起到延缓和治疗作用,但相关调控机制不明。因此,本研究将系统探讨omega-3 PUFAs对自身免疫性甲状腺炎模型小鼠的免疫调节机制,并且探索利用omega-3 PUFAs 预防治疗自身免疫性甲状腺炎的可行性及其途径。
自身免疫性甲状腺炎(AITD)、系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)、1型糖尿病(T1D)、多发性硬化症(MS)都属于自身免疫性疾病。本项目前期,在AITD小鼠模型中,与对照组相比,ω-3 PUFAs (EPA+DHA)喂食4周后未能够显著降低NOD.H-2h4小鼠发病率。因此,我们又对其他几种自身免疫性疾病进行探索。首先,在SLE中,我们比较了cGVHD(chronic grafted versus host disease)模型中mfat-1及对照组小鼠的肾脏组织内IgG免疫复合物的沉积,发现mfat-1组中IgG免疫复合物沉积显著性低于WT,提示mfat-1小鼠肾脏损伤相较于野生型显著减轻。而后使用ω-3 PUFAs饮食干预cGVHD小鼠,发现与对照组相比,90%DHA+EPA与97%EPA组均显著抑制了Tfh、GC(generic center)B和plasma细胞亚群的分化,促进了Treg亚群的增殖。同时,使用DHA和EPA对体外培养的MRL小鼠脾细胞处理后发现,DHA能够显著促进B细胞IL-10的分泌。在多发性硬化症小鼠模型EAE中,mfat-1小鼠的疾病进展得到显著延缓;注射携带mfat-1基因的慢病毒的小鼠的生存期显著延长,炎症病灶数量显著减少以及浸润程度显著降低。以上结果表明,ω-3 PUFAs能够通过调控不同免疫细胞亚群的分化和增殖,对炎症产生抑制作用。在链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导的小鼠T1D模型中,相较于野生型小鼠,mfat-1小鼠疾病进展得到显著延缓,并且有β细胞开始分泌胰岛素,表明给予ω-3 PUFAs治疗后,可能出现胰岛α细胞转分化为β细胞的现象。本项目研究结果提示,ω-3 PUFAs可能通过调控T和B淋巴细胞发挥疗效,为临床推广应用ω-3 PUFAs治疗自身免疫性疾病提供临床基础和理论依据。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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