矢量光场多自由度调控的非直观光波参数超分辨动态成像方法研究

The resolution of conventional optical microscopy is usually limited to 200 nanometer above, while parameter indirect microscopic imaging (PIMI) uses precise scanning of far field, gaining the near-field information in nano scale by optical parameters, and then breaks optical diffraction limit by inversion calculation and realizes super-resolution microscopy imaging. This technology is independent on the conventional intensity difference imaging technique, and has much higher spatial resolution than traditional measurement method. However, it still be limited by the linear polarization dependence, and it only can be applied to characterization of static state sample. To deal with those issues, this project will introduce the spatial properties of vector beam, improve and optimize the polarization modulation, including: (1) Investigating the modulation mechanism of mater structure by vector beam with different light wave parameters; (2) Vector coupling of spatial structure of optical field and matters and related far-field propagation. (3) Design and optimize the rapid inversion calculation algorithm of vector parameters signal of light wave, which is modulated by vector field. (4) Dynamic multi-degree super-resolution imaging of matter structure and vector filed. By optimizing the proposed scheme of PIMI-based super-resolution imaging, establishing and demonstrating the nano-scale dynamic multi-degree imaging.

传统光学显微技术观测尺度局限在200纳米以上，而光波非直观参数超显微技术，摆脱了对传统光强差成像的依赖，利用远场精确扫描，检测携带近场纳米特征信息的光波参数，反演计算近场结构特征，可突破光学衍射极限限制，达到纳米级超分辨显微成像的目的。然而该技术目前仍存在模式化调控线性偏振依赖性，以及只能检测静态表面形貌特征的局限问题。针对该问题，本项目将矢量光束的空间结构特性有机融入，扩展和优化偏振参数模式化调制方式。开展以下研究内容：(1) 矢量光场与物质结构对不同光波矢量参数的调制机理；(2) 空间结构光场与物质相互作用的全矢量耦合及远场传播规律；(3) 受矢量光场调控的光波矢量参数快速信号反演算法设计与优化；(4) 对物质结构和矢量光场的多自由度超分辨动态成像。通过完善矢量光场对光波参数超分辨动态成像的调控机制、效应和方法体系，建立并验证具有纳米级分辨率的非直观超分辨多自由度动态成像方法。

在现代工程及科学研究中，传统光学显微技术受衍射极限限制，各种纳米尺度物质结构和形貌的检测主要依赖于扫描隧道显微镜和原子力探针等工具，存在检测效率低、适应性差、价格昂贵等问题，且无法检测样品的高速动态响应。光波非直观参数超显微技术是近年来兴起的一种超分辨率成像技术，可以在成像面横向上突破衍射极限，实现纳米到亚纳米量级的横向超分辨率成像，然而仍存在模式化调控线性偏振依赖性，以及检测静态表面形貌特征的局限问题。本项目将矢量光束的空间结构特性有机融入，探索矢量光场与物质结构对不同光波矢量状态的耦合调制机理，扩展和优化偏振参数模式化调制方式，完善光波参数超分辨动态成像对矢量光场的调控机制、效应和方法体系，为纳米尺度物质结构和器件的超分辨率成像技术拓展新的自由度、提高调控精度与速度提供新的理论模型和技术手段。