租赁品再制造闭环供应链的生产与定价策略研究

With the further development of leasing industry, a large number of scrapped leasing products will arise. How to reuse these wastes so as to relieve the pressure of resource exhaustion and environmental pollution is a matter of great concern. Based on integrating leasing and remanufacturing, this proposal studies remanufacturing closed-loop supply chain model, which differentiates from the remanufacturing closed-loop supply chain for traditional sale items. This is because the lessor owns leasing products, and the scrapped products can be planned to supply for remanufacturers. Thus it follows that a dynamic equilibrium is achieved between remanufacturing strategies and pricing strategies when leasing. Hence, this proposal will focus on integrating leasing and remanufacturing and study the following. First, it investigates the new characteristics of remanufacturing closed-loop supply chain for leasing products. Then it develops manufacturing and pricing strategies in integrated remanufacturing closed-loop supply chain. And under two- or three-layers disintegrated remanufacturing closed-loop supply chain surroundings, manufacturing and pricing strategies are obtained independently, and coordination techniques are studies. Finally optimization algorithms are researched for our models. The research results will have great scientific value in enriching closed-loop supply chain theories and methodologies, and will also have realistic significance in guiding enterprises for remanufacturing and leasing practices.

报废租赁品的数目将随着租赁业的进一步发展而急剧增加，如何再利用这些废旧品以缓解资源耗竭和环境污染的压力备受人们关注。本项目研究的基于租赁和再制造有机耦合的租赁品再制造闭环供应链模型，与传统销售模式下的再制造闭环供应链有本质不同：租赁品的所有权属于出租方，可以有计划地为再制造厂家供应废旧品，这样一来，租赁的定价等策略和再制造等策略之间就能实现动态的平衡。因此，本项目将围绕租赁和再制造之间的有机耦合拟开展以下研究：租赁品再制造闭环供应链问题的新特性研究；一体化租赁品再制造闭环供应链的生产和定价策略研究；两层、三层非一体化租赁品再制造闭环供应链的生产和定价分散策略及其企业间的协调策略研究；租赁品再制造闭环供应链的生产与定价策略模型、运作协调模型的寻优算法研究。本项目的研究结果对丰富闭环供应链理论方法将会有重要的科学价值，对指导企业租赁与再制造实践也有很好的现实意义。

租赁和再制造可以降低生产成本，减少环境污染，提高资源利用率，租赁和再制造受到了各界的广泛关注。本项目根据租赁商在租赁期内需要承担维修费，以及合理的预防性维修具有节约维修成本、延长设备的生命周期等特点，研究了考虑预防性维修时租赁品再制造闭环供应链的优化问题，建立了给定租赁期的单期模型、租赁期需要优化的单期和两期模型，证实预防性维修是租赁商和承租企业的双赢策略。根据租赁品的回收率100%，而销售品只能部分回收，建立了纯租赁和租赁/销售双渠道两期再制造闭环供应链模型，通过两个模型的对比分析，发现在相同的市场环境中，租赁/销售双渠道比纯租赁在租赁价格上更占优势，经销商可以获得更高的利润。根据新产品和再制造品的可替代性，建立了基于产品竞争的两期再制造闭环供应链模型，发现当新产品和再制造产品的制造成本满足一定条件时，决策者才进行再制造活动。根据RFID对产品的可追踪性和可视性，将RFID引入到废旧产品的回收过程，假设RFID可以增加回收率和减少回收成本，建立了一体化、非一体化制造商回收模式和零售商回收模式的再制造闭环供应链模型，发现在一定条件下，决策者才愿意采用RFID以增加其利润。根据回收品质量不确定，建立了基于平均平均再制造成本的再制造闭环供应链模型，发现最优的排序策略与再制造批量无关，再制造的平均单位成本随着采购批量的增加而降低。基于构建的数学模型，研究了求解这些模型的优化算法，比如微分法、库恩-塔克条件方法、分解算法和搜索算法等。本项目的研究成果对于丰富闭环供应链理论有一定的科学价值，对指导企业租赁与再制造实践也有很好的现实意义。