基于子孔径波面斜率采样的波前重构精度表征及高敏感度误差补偿方法研究

Imaging performance is an important criterion for evaluation the level of large diameter optical detection technology development. With the diameter of next-generation optical detection system will be increased to 4 ~ 5m, put forward new challenges to its basic image quality and evaluation method at different elevation angles. However, the conventional technology is difficult to fulfill the special requirements of imaging quality evaluation at workshop. The principle that sub-aperture wave-front slope sampling and reconstruction full-aperture wave-front is great potential for development. But it was limited by the accuracy of wave-front reconstruction difficult quantitative characterization, and environmental disturbance action laws unknown and other basic theoretical issues, it difficult to achieve a breakthrough in applications during the long-term. These problems desiderate need to explore new approaches in depth..The topics aim the frontier of optical detection technology, focusing on common key challenges for wave-front slope spectrum theory in application process, and we abstract the scientific issues wherein. The subject to be adopted the strictly mathematical derivation to obtain sub-aperture scanning motion model within test space, and to racing actual trajectory of the sampling sub-aperture beam. Moreover, build links and wave-front reconstruction error transferring path by the above procedures. Wave-front reconstruction algorithm is distinguished, and the evaluation system of wave-front information reconstruction accuracy is preliminary established by collaborative simulation method and verification experiments. Issue is expected to explanation the inherent action laws between wave-front information recovery accuracy and establish a basis for further research.

成像性能是衡量大口径光电探测技术发展水平的重要标志。伴随下一代光电探测系统口径增至4～5m，对其不同仰角的基础像质及评价方法提出新的挑战，而现有方法难以满足室内像质评测的特殊需求。子孔径波面斜率采样—重构全口径波前理论极具发展潜力，但受限于波前重构精度难以定量表征、环境扰动作用规律不明等基础理论问题，长期未能在应用领域有所突破，亟需深入探索新的解决途径。.课题面向光电探测技术发展前沿，针对波前角谱理论在应用层面所遇共性问题，凝练其中科学议题，拟通过严格推导扫描运动模型，描绘子孔径光束传播轨迹，以此构建波前重构链路和误差传递路径。通过协同仿真、比对实验等方法初步建立波前重构精度评价模型、优选重构算法，并进行初步试验验证，课题有望揭示采样耦合误差与波前信息复原精度内在作用规律，为后续研究提供必要的理论基础。

大口径光电成像系统在空间目标探测、天文光学巡天、对地光学遥感、激光通讯等领域应用广泛。基于大口径平行光管、平面反射镜的传统检测方法存在周期、成本等方面固有缺陷，伴随光电系统口径不断增大，发展潜力有限。基于激光导星、天然恒星观测、PR、PD等新技术的成像质量评价方法难以在大口径光电系统集成装调阶段应用。基于子孔径斜率采样再复原待测系统全口径波前的检测思想，基于波像差和几何像差间数学-物理关系，有望解决大口径光电成像系统在集成装调阶段的成像质量评价问题。.课题针对目前全口径波前重构算法不统一、波前重构精度与采样误差间作用规律不明等基础问题开展理论和实验研究。通过课题专项攻关，基本掌握子孔径采样位置误差、像点坐标提取误差、子孔径倾斜误差、坐标系平移旋转误差等与全口径波前重构精度间单独及耦合作用关系。并基于误差敏感度优选波前重构算法，初步探明由环境扰动引入测量噪声的机理和传递路径，提出并实验验证高敏感度误差的监测和补偿方法。仿真和验证实验结果表明，全口径波前重构精度对各项误差的敏感度不同，当仅存在独立误差时，子孔径采样光束的倾斜误差对波前重构精度影响显著。当多种误差耦合后，误差间存在补偿作用机制，在若干补偿点，波前重构精度有所回升。与准直干涉检测间比对实验结果显示，基于子孔径斜率采样的波前检测方法无需口径相当的参考光束即可实现全口径波像差测量，目前构建的监测光路和差分测量模式，有助于缓解采样误差、提高全口径波前重构精度，并降低对扫描装置机械精度的要求。通过课题研究，也发现目前的波前重构算法精度与工程应用需求尚有差距，对于地面微振动等环境噪声还需深入分析抑制和补偿方法，这些问题为该领域下一阶段研究工作指明了方向。.课题研究成果和关键技术有望应用于地基光电探测系统、大口径空间光学载荷等高性能光电仪器在装调、集成阶段的像质评价等领域。