农家品种白大头及其衍生系天00127抗白粉病基因分子标记

Wheat powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis (DC.) f.sp. tritici Speer (Bgt), is one of the most important and destructive foliar disease of wheat in Gansu province, and China. Growing resistant wheat varieties is the most effective, economical, and environmentally friendly methods to control powdery mildew of wheat. Studies showed that there were a few wheat germplasm which resistant to powdery mildew in all-stage during 2008-2012. The resistant wheat varieties (lines) were absent in production and plant breeding in Gansu province，and China. The Chinese common wheat landrace Baidatou，is a valuable wheat germplasm which resistant to powdery mildew in all-stage in southern of Gansu province, China. The new wheat line Tian 00127, which is pedigree of wheat germplasm Baidatou, not only resistance to testing isolates of Bgt including E05, E09, E20 and mixed isolates in all-stage, but also had higher yield than wheat variety Lantian 17 (CK) above 5.0% in polt and production testing during 2009-2012, in southern of Gansu province, China, and resistace to stripe rust in all-stage, respectively. It will be a better wheat variety in production than other wheat varieties (lines) in future in southern of Gansu province, China. In this study, will evaluate the resistant charactes of wheat germplasm Baidatou and its pedigree Tian 00127 in Lanzhou greenhouse and field of Gansu province, China，and will inoculate with about 20 isolates of Bgt which possessed different virulence genes in seedling stage,to postulate its resistant genes. At the same time，crossed with wheat varieties Mingxian 169 or chancellor, which susceptible to powdery mildew, to inheritance analysis resistant gene(s) of Baidatou and Tian 00127. Using SSR technology, molecular detection of resistant gene(s), and mapping of new gene(s) which is resistant to testing isolates of Bgt at seedling stage. According these studies, obtained the following results: (1) Verified the characteric of resistance to powdery mildew on wheat germplasm Baidatou and its pedigree Tian 00127 in all-stage. (2) Postulated the resistant gene(s) to Bgt in seedling stage. (3) Cleared and definited the resistant gene numbers and its structure of resistant inheritance to testing isolates of Bgt in seedling stage. (4) Molecular detection of resistant genes of special markers. (5) Molecular mapped 1 to 2 new genes which resistant to testing isolates of Bgt. According to these studies, would inrich the wheat gene pool to powdery mildew, and provide theoretical basis on development, and durable using of wheat germplasm Baidatou and its pedigree Tian 00127 in wheat breeding and production to powdery mildew in southern of Gansu province, China.

小麦白粉病是发生于甘肃省及我国小麦生产上的最主要病害之一，种植抗病品种是防治该病最经济有效且有利于环境保护的措施。目前在生产和育种上，抗白粉病材料较为缺乏。研究发现我国农家小麦品种白大头在甘肃陇南田间具有较好的抗白粉病特性，冬小麦新品系天00127是其衍生系，不仅抗白粉病突出，而且兼抗条锈病，2009-2012年在甘肃陇南冬小麦区域试验及生产试验中产量较对照品种兰天17号增产5%以上，具有较好的生产应用潜力。本项目拟通过对白大头及天00127进行抗白粉病评价、抗病基因推导和遗传分析、抗病基因分子检测和抗病基因标记，以期明确白大头及天00127的抗白粉病特点及其遗传特点，标记出白大头及天00127中新的抗白粉病基因1-2个。为充实和丰富甘肃陇南小麦抗白粉病基因库，有效指导白大头及天00127在抗白粉病育种及生产中的合理、持久利用提供科技支撑。

小麦白粉病是发生于甘肃省及中国小麦生产上最主要病害之一，种植抗病品种是防治该病最经济有效的措施。进行小麦品种抗白粉病性研究，将会明确供试材料抗病性特点及其利用价值，对促进抗病育种进程具有积极的推动作用。2014-2017年，通过对农家品种白大头及其衍生系品种天00127的抗白粉病性进行系统研究发现：.（1）苗期先后选用501个白粉病单孢菌系，对白大头及其衍生系品种天00127进行毒性频率分析，发现对白大头有毒性的菌系有261个，占52.10%。对天00127有毒性的菌系有272个，占54.29%。成株期在甘肃省不同生态区的10个试验点进行自然诱发鉴定结果发现，白大头及天00127均表现免疫到中抗水平，田间病级0-4级。.（2）苗期选用22个具有不同毒性谱的条锈菌单孢菌系进行基因推导分析，结果发现白大头及天00127均含有未知抗病基因。选用Pm4、Pm8、Pm13、Pm21的基因标记进行分子检测，结果发现白大头和天00127不含供试基因。遗传分析结果发现白大头苗期对白粉病菌Bgt-Gangu1的抗病性由1对隐性基因控制，成株期对混合菌的抗病性由1对显性基因控制。天00127对Bgt-linxia的抗病性由1对隐性基因控制；成株期对混合菌的抗病性由1对显性基因控制。.（3）遗传分析及新基因标记定位发现天00127苗期对白粉病菌Bgt-linxia-3的1对隐性抗病基因来源于白大头。连锁性分析表明对Bgt-linxia-3表现抗病的PmT00127（载体品种天00127）位于3BL，对Bgt-Gangu1抗病的PmBaidatou（载体品种白大头）位于5BL。.（4）对白大头及天00127作为抗病亲本进行了利用，先后配置相关组合55个，筛选综合农艺性状优良、抗病性较好子代（F2-F6）材料1400余份，为充实甘肃陇南抗病基因库及开展下一步利用奠定了基础。