The phenomenon of immune reconstitution failure has become one of the difficulties in HIV clinical research. B cells play an important role in mediating antiviral humoral responses. It was demonstrated that B cells are highly activated and dysfunctional during HIV infection, leading to a defect in the humoral immune response, whereas the role of memory B cell subsets in immune reconstitution has not been elucidated. Our previous studies found that the number and immune activation of resting memory B cells were not fully recovered after antiretroviral treatment, however the CD4 T cells were partially recovered after treatment, but were significantly lower than those in healthy controls. We assume that the damage on memory B cells play an important role in incomplete immune restoration, which may affect immune reconstitution. Based on our previous research, we will mainly focus on the HIV immunological responders and the immunological non-responders. First, the dynamic changes in B cell subset distribution, immune activation, immune exhaustion, and cytokine secretion will be measured. Second, the levels of IgG1-4 subtypes and the frequency of B cell subpopulation secreting IgG subclasses will be determined, exploring the impact of immunoglobulin class switching on immune reconstitution. Finally, the proliferation and functional recovery of B cells will be investigated by blocking the inhibitory receptors. This study will help to clarify the mechanisms of memory B cells in immune reconstitution of HIV-infected patients in China, and to provide a scientific basis for clinical treatment.
免疫重建不良现象已成为HIV临床研究的难点之一。B细胞在介导抗病毒体液免疫中发挥重要作用。已证实B细胞在HIV感染过程中高度激活,功能损伤,导致体液免疫应答的缺陷,然而记忆性B细胞亚群在免疫重建中的作用尚未阐明。我们前期研究发现患者经抗病毒治疗后,静息记忆性B细胞在数量和活化水平都不能得到完全恢复,而CD4 T细胞在治疗后部分恢复,但显著低于健康对照组。据此我们假设:记忆性B细胞的损伤,对于免疫重建不良有重要的病理作用,影响免疫功能的重建。本课题拟在前期研究基础上,以免疫应答和不应答者为主要研究对象,检测B细胞亚群的分布、活化、耗竭及分泌细胞因子的动态变化;检测IgG1-4亚型水平及分泌IgG亚型的B细胞频率,探索免疫球蛋白类别转换在免疫重建中的影响;通过阻断抑制性受体研究B细胞增殖和功能的恢复。本课题将有助于阐明我国HIV患者记忆性B细胞在免疫重建中的作用机制,为临床治疗提供科学依据。
高达10%~40%的HIV感染者经过长期抗反转录病毒治疗(ART)后其CD4+ T细胞数量仍然低于350个/μL,不能恢复到正常水平,这部分患者被称为免疫重建不良或免疫不应答患者。目前,导致感染者免疫不应答的机制尚不完全清楚,已成为HIV临床研究的重点和难点之一。B淋巴细胞在介导抗病毒体液免疫中发挥重要作用。已证实B细胞在HIV感染过程中高度激活,功能损伤,导致体液免疫应答的缺陷,然而记忆性B细胞亚群在免疫重建中的作用尚未阐明。我们前期研究发现HIV感染者经过ART后,静息记忆性B细胞在数量和活化水平都不能得到完全恢复,而CD4 T细胞在ART后部分恢复,但显著低于健康对照组。据此假设:记忆性B细胞的损伤,对于免疫重建不良有重要的病理作用,影响免疫功能的重建。因此,本课题已在前期研究基础上,以HIV免疫重建良好和免疫不应答者为主要研究对象,检测了滤泡辅助性T细胞(Tfh)和B细胞亚群的分布、活化、耗竭及分泌细胞因子的动态变化规律。研究发现,通过蛋白质组学分析,在急性感染患者中,HIV免疫重建良好和免疫不应答者之间的Tfh和B细胞在各聚类中均出现了不同程度的紊乱。辅助性T细胞群中Tfh细胞与患者的CD4 T细胞的恢复呈负相关。急性和慢性HIV感染者中CXCR3 ̶ Tfh细胞的比例与免疫重建相关,而在免疫应答良好的感染者中,CD21+记忆性B细胞的比例在基线检查时显著升高且有助于免疫重建。另外,在HIV感染急性期阶段,Tfh细胞数量和功能及Tfh/B细胞的相互作用已经受到了损伤,导致B细胞亚群分化失衡,IL-21+ICOS+Tfh细胞亚群水平的增加可能会影响Tfh细胞对B细胞的帮助,加快艾滋病的疾病进程。本课题的顺利实施阐明了我国HIV感染者记忆性B细胞亚群在免疫重建中的作用机制,为临床治疗提供了新的科学依据。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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