中部地区承接产业转移的驱动机制与环境效应

From the 1980s onwards,economic geography has transformed into a more interdisciplinary approach using insights from social, cultural, political, ecological and sustainability sciences.Many turns such as institutional, relational，evolutionary and environmental turn, which exsit in mainstream economic geography, have moved economic geography into an unprecedented era of rapid innovation and diversification..However, with reference to the requirements of enduring vitality, diversification of research paradigms, stronger explanatory power to the practical problems, and policy relevance, it is very importment to intergrate these approaches within the framework of regional development and sustainability transition. .Since the international financial crisis in 2008, large-scale industrial transfer from the eastern coast to the inland has happened in China. What are the scales, location factors, the spatial and temporal patterns and dynamic mechanisms of this new round of industrial transfer? What effects it will put on the industrial economy and local environment? .Based on the researches on the theory of industrial agglomeration, regional economic development, learning and innovation, taking into account of the new integration trend for different approaches in mainstream economic geography, this project constructs an analytical framework to integrate the three concepts of enterprise transfer, industrial agglomeration, and regional transition.Taking the approach combining theoretical construction, questionnaires, econometric analysis,GIS analysis, model simulation and case analysis, the project will study the scales and spatial patterns and the dynamic mechanisms for Central China to intake industrial transfer, and the effects on the industrial development, network constuction and environmental pollution with reference to different geographical scales, taking the case study of Henan, Anhui and Hubei provinces, especially the key development regions including Wanjiang Urban Belt , Zhongyuan Urban Agglomeration and Wuhan metropolitan and a series of industrial districts for intaking transfer enterprises..Centerd on the relationships among enterprise transfer,environmental regulation and environrnment pollution and based on new economic geographies, this study will promote the construction of "geography of regional sustainability transtion" with Chinese context. It will also provide scientific basis and policy suggestions for the central and western regions to undertake industrial transfer effectively and environment-friendly.

2008年国际金融危机以来，我国东部沿海开始向内地进行大规模产业转移。新一轮转移的区位因素和驱动机制是什么？对承接地生态环境有何影响？在申请者对我国产业集聚、区域发展、学习创新等研究基础上，根据国际经济地理学相关流派融合的新趋势和中部绿色崛起的国家战略需求，构建“企业迁移-产业集聚-区域转型”为核心的产业转移综合分析框架。采取理论建构、问卷调查、计量分析、GIS分析、案例剖析相结合的综合集成方法，以河南、安徽、湖北为研究范围，以中原城市群、武汉都市圈、皖江城市带等重点开发区为案例区，以产业集聚区和制造业为核心，在宏观、中观、微观多种地理尺度上，探讨中部地区承接产业转移的规模与分布、企业迁移动机与区位选择、产业集聚与关系网络、产业发展与路径依赖、区域环境规制与污染变化，理论上建构具有中国特色的“区域可持续性转型地理学”，实践上为中西部地区实现绿色承接和可持续性转型提供科学基础和政策建议。

产业转移是全球化时代驱动产业空间动态变化的重要力量，是新时期我国促进区域经济协调发展和欠发达地区发展的重要政策工具。根据国际经济地理学重视关系、演化、制度和环境研究的新趋势，基于区域协调发展和中部崛起的国家战略需求，以环境规制、关系建构、路径依赖、集聚经济为影响因素，构建了以“企业迁移-产业集聚-区域转型”为主线的产业转移分析理论框架，分析了产业转移的驱动机制；运用计量模型和案例分析，利用1998-2013全国工业企业和细分行业数据库，在全国-中部-河南等不同空间范围内，在省、市、县、企业等多种地理尺度上，研究了产业转移规模及产业发展对承接地经济增长、环境污染和健康风险的影响；运用投入产出技术和CGE模型，对产业转移和发展的环境效应进行了情景模拟与政策分析。研究发现，中部地区劳动及污染密集型产业承接比重较大，河南、安徽、江西和湖南承接规模位居中部地区前列；污染产业整体呈由环境规制高强度地区向低强度地区的转移，存在污染避难所效应，环境规制、地方保护、集聚经济对污染产业的影响因产业类型、所有制性质和区域的不同而存在差异，在时间上和空间上存在着不同阈值，提高环境规制和产业集聚水平会在发达地区形成波特效应；产业集聚有利于降低污染排放强度，多样且关联的集聚结构更有利于污染减排;转移企业与本地企业之间通过互动、结网、匹配与博弈而形成一定的网络结构特征，企业市场权力、技术权力和网络权力影响集群演化和升级，并受路径依赖、关系选择、学习创新等机制的制约；产业转移能够促进区域经济增长并减缓不平衡，促进技术创新、就业增长和城镇化推进，但也为承接地区带来一定程度的环境污染和健康风险。产业转移及其对经济增长、污染排放的影响，具有行业、时间、空间异质性。研究成果有利于深化中国特色“环境经济地理学”和“区域可持续转型地理学”理论构建与发展，也有利于中部地区有关绿色承接、产业转型与可持续发展的政策讨论。