基于力学/渗流分析的山岭隧道衬砌结构服役性能评价方法

Numerous mountain tunnels, serving as important infrastructures in our communication system, suffer from severe ill-conditions and lack of sufficient maintenances during their operation lifetime. According to the logic of “basic variables to judging criteria to assessing classification”, the methodology of service performance assessment for the lining structure of mountain tunnel is proposed. Based on the mechanics / seepage analyses and the reliability method, the generalized mechanics model and the generalized seepage model are setup to clarify the relationships between basic variables and judging criteria. According to the mechanics / seepage criteria, the generalized classification model is setup to assess the service performance of lining structure comprehensively. Through the statistics about survey, design, construction and inspection documents, the uncertainties in the basic variables are reduced, which improve the preciseness of service performance assessment. The proposed assessment method overcomes some shortages in the traditional assessment methods, such as lack of mechanics and seepage analyses, vagueness in the failure criteria, inefficient usage about the past knowledge and experience. Meanwhile, it can well accommodate the uncertainties in basic variables, and assess the service performance of lining structure from both deterministic viewpoint and probabilistic viewpoint. These researches could facilitate the scientific maintenance of mountain tunnels in both theoretical and practical senses.

我国交通基础设施中山岭隧道数量庞大、维养经费不足且病害状况严重。本项目按照由基本变量到判断准则再到评级分级的思路，提出一套山岭隧道衬砌结构服役性能评价的理论框架与技术方法。以力学/渗流分析为基础，结合可靠度方法构建相应的力学/渗流概化模型，阐明相关基本变量与力学/渗流判断准则之间的联系；进而以力学/渗流判断准则为依据，建立综合评价分级模型，对衬砌结构服役性能进行科学评价；同时通过勘察、设计、施工和检测资料的全方面调查统计，以期减小基本变量的不确定性对评价分级结论的影响。本项目所述评价方法，改进了传统评价方法中缺乏力学/渗流分析基础、失效判断准则模糊、既往资料未能有效利用等诸多不足之处；同时能较好地兼容参数取值的不确定性，可从确定性观点或随机性观点出发，给出衬砌结构服役性能的确定性或概率化评级分级。项目研究成果对提高山岭隧道维护管理的科学水平，具有重要的理论指导意义和工程实践价值。

对隧道衬砌结构服役性能进行科学评价，是山岭隧道维护管理工作的前提基础和重要内容。本项目按由基本变量到判断准则再到评级分级的思路，提出一套衬砌结构服役性能综合评价的理论框架与技术方法，并依托省道206线龙门隧道、福州市二环路金鸡山隧道进行了示范性应用。具体研究内容详述如下。.通过缩尺模型试验与数值模拟，借助可靠度方法建立相应的力学概化模型Zf=f (X1 ~ X5)，阐明5个基本变量（力学参数）与1个判断准则（二衬应力集中面积比）之间的联系。通过理论解析与数值模拟，借助可靠度方法建立相应的渗流概化模型Zg=g (X1 ~ X3)，阐明3个基本变量（渗流参数）与1个判断准则（年间渗漏水体积比）之间的联系。以上述力学/渗流判断准则为依据，建立评价分级模型，对衬砌结构服役性能进行综合评价，并与传统评价方法的结论相互校核。依托实际工程，同时通过对检测资料及其设计施工资料的全方面调查统计，确定上述基本变量的统计特征，进而对其衬砌结构服役性能做出科学的评价分级。.本项目提出的衬砌结构服役性能综合评价方法，能克服传统评价方法中缺乏力学基础、失效判断准则模糊、既往资料未能充分利用等不足，对提高山岭隧道维护管理科学水平具有较大的理论指导意义。进一步地，对某地区内成百上千座大致相同类型的隧道或区间而言，若能大致掌握该地区同类型隧道中各基本变量的统计特征，就能对其衬砌结构的服役性能做出整体性的把握与评价，对节约山岭隧道维护管理费用也具有较大的实用价值。.项目执行期间，培养硕士研究生6名，发表学术期刊论文11篇（其中SCI/EI收录6篇），授权中国专利6项（其中发明专利2项）；另外还有4篇已录用待刊。