共轨喷油器高速电磁阀动态响应特性的多场协同作用研究

A high speed solenoid valve with fast response is essential to realize accurate and flexible control of fuel injection quantity, injection timing and injection shape for marine common rail fuel injector, the dynamic response of high speed solenoid valve is determined by coupled characteristics of multiple physical fields, including electric, magnetic, mechanical and hydraulic fields. From the viewpoint of field to field interaction, multiple physical filed coupling characteristics is an external performance of multi-field synergy function, research on the multiple field coupling characteristic of high speed solenoid valve and its influence on the dynamic response using field synergy principle is.limited. This study proposes mathematics models of high speed solenoid valve including dynamic magnetic hysteresis of soft magnetic materials core and transient flow force, demonstrating the influence factor and mechanism for dynamic magnetic hysteresis and transient flow force. Based on the field coupling concept, high speed solenoid valve mathematics model will be validated by different experimental studies using “three-stage coupling method”, namely electromagnetic field coupling, electromagnetic field and mechanical movement coupling, and electromagnetic field and mechanical movement and unsteady flow force coupling. Multi-field synergy mechanism can be provided based on field synergy analysis using field synergy effective coefficient and high speed solenoid valve driving force as a common criteria. Therefore, field synergy principle associated with the interaction among the different fields is very critical for revealing the response characteristics of high speed solenoid valve, and further providing the theoretical evidence for the design of high speed solenoid valve with fast response for marine fuel injector.

高响应特性的高速电磁阀是实现船用共轨喷油器喷油量、喷油定时和喷油规律精确柔性控制的根本条件，而电、磁、机、液多物理场耦合特性决定高速电磁阀的动态响应，从场-场相互作用角度看，多物理场耦合特性是多场协同作用的外在表现，采用场协同原理开展高速电磁阀多场耦合特性及其对动态响应影响规律的研究鲜见报道。本项目拟建立铁芯软磁材料动态磁滞特性数学模型和瞬态液动力数学模型，揭示动态磁滞和瞬态液动力的影响因素及其影响规律，按照电磁场耦合、电磁场-机械运动耦合、电磁场-机械运动-瞬态液动力耦合的“三阶段耦合”方法，在不同的耦合阶段进行试验研究及模型校核，创建喷油器高速电磁阀数学模型，采用场协同原理分析方法，以电磁阀驱动力的协同为尺度，从协同因素场影响系数角度出发，揭示喷油器高速电磁阀多场协同作用机理，通过协调各场间的作用关系研究高速电磁阀响应特性，为开发船用喷油器高速电磁阀提供理论依据。

高压共轨系统因具有喷油压力、喷油定时和喷油规律柔性可调等特点，是实现船用柴油机节能减排的核心技术之一，高响应特性的高速电磁阀是实现船用共轨喷油器精确柔性控制的根本。本项目开展了共轨喷油器高速电磁阀动态磁滞特性的试验研究，揭示了温度和励磁频率对高速电磁阀磁化特性和损耗特性的影响规律，探究了电磁力对温度和励磁频率的依赖性，得出了温度和励磁频率对高速电磁阀动态响应的作用机理。开展了高速电磁阀静态电磁力测量试验研究，揭示了电磁阀关键结构参数和驱动参数对静态电磁力的影响机理。开展了在燃油液力环境下电磁阀动态特性的试验研究，揭示了电磁铁和衔铁间燃油液力对电磁阀动态响应的影响规律。构建了电磁阀内燃油气-液两相流动三维计算模型，揭示了关键结构参数对衔铁表面空化发展和静压分布影响机理。提出了一种考虑涡流分布不均匀性电磁阀等效磁路建模方法，基于对偶变换理论构建了高速电磁阀电-磁-机-液多物理场瞬变耦合数学模型并进行了验证。基于多物理场瞬变耦合数学模型开展了基于能量协同因素的高速电磁阀动态响应研究，研究分析了高速电磁阀工作过程内部能量的分布特性。进一步结合响应面法，开展了影响动态响应的能量参数敏感性研究，从能量角度揭示了敏感单参数和敏感双参数间耦合作用对动态响应的影响机理。进行了电磁阀涡流损耗能量协同作用研究，分析了涡流效应对电磁阀动态响应的影响，揭示了结构参数对涡流损耗能量的影响规律。开展了结构参数协同下高速电磁阀动态响应研究，解析了结构参数与动态响应的耦合关系，揭示结构协同因素对高速电磁阀动态响应影响机理。通过本项目的研究，发表学术及会议论文8篇，其中SCI收录6篇、EI收录2篇；授权发明专利5项；登记软件著作权3项。本项目的研究成果对高速电磁阀的设计开发提供了理论指导，对高压共轨燃油系统性能的提升具有重要理论意义和价值。