电－机械转换器的高频和快速响应机理研究

Aiming at the requirements of high frequency and rapid response for electro-hydraulic proportional control technology, a moving coil electro-mechanical converter is proposed as transformation component that transforms electric signal into mechanical one. In order to fulfill high dynamic characteristics of electro-mechanical converter, based on that the inertia and resistance of the moving parts, the magnetic induction of the working area for the current-carrying coil, and the instantaneous electro-magnetic force of current-carrying coil are all directly related to dynamic characteristics, the moving part--thrust force coil framework, the key part--permanent magnets, and control strategy of current-carrying coil are investigated. A thrust force coil framework with high quality aluminum alloy material and different small holes at different circumference is put forward. Different magnetization techniques of single permanent magnet and different array structures of multiple permanent magnets are compared, a novel permanent magnets array structure that magnetized alone the external field force lines using 8 pieces tegular Halbach magnet array with air gaps is brought forward. A current-carrying coil is divided into multi-segment to be used in parallel, and can be operated not only in cycle mode but also in overlapping one so as to meet requirements of response speed and electro-magnetic force during in the steady state and instantaneous state. The theory and practice is provided for high frequence and rapid response characteristics of electro-mechanical converter via electro-magnetic field simulation and dynamic performance study.

针对电液比例控制技术高频和快速响应的技术需求，提出采用动圈式电－机械转换器作为其电气－机械转换元件。为了实现电－机械转换器的高动态响应特性，基于其运动部件的惯性与阻力、载流线圈工作区域的磁感应强度、以及载流线圈的瞬时电磁力等与之直接相关，对其运动部件--推力线圈骨架、关键部件--永磁体、以及载流线圈的控制策略进行研究。提出采用高品质铝合金材料并在不同圆周上加工出若干不同类型小孔的推力线圈骨架；对比单个永磁体不同的磁化技术以及多个永磁体不同的磁化阵列结构，提出采用永磁体沿外磁场磁力线方向磁化、8片瓦型有气隙Halbach磁化阵列结构；将载流线圈均分为多段且并联使用，并采用PWM脉宽调制方式，既可循环工作，又可重叠工作，满足稳态和瞬态对响应速度和电磁力的要求。通过电磁场仿真和动态性能研究，为电－机械转换器的高频和快速响应提供理论与实践基础。

为了探讨动圈式电－机械转换器的高频特性和快速响应机理，基于其运动部件的惯性与阻力、载流线圈的稳态电磁力、以及载流线圈的瞬时加速度等与之直接相关，对其运动部件的推力线圈骨架、关键部件的永磁体、以及载流线圈的绕线方式与控制策略进行研究。提出采用高品质铝合金材料并在不同圆周上加工出若干不同类型小孔的推力线圈骨架；对比单个永磁体不同的磁化技术以及多个永磁体不同的磁化阵列结构，提出单个永磁体沿外磁场磁力线方向磁化的8片Halbach磁化阵列结构；采用各自独立的三组线圈，每个绕组分别与一路控制线路连接，并基于砰－砰和PI双模控制方式。通过空气动力学分析、电磁场仿真、动静态控制性能分析及实验测试，为电－机械转换器的高频和快速响应机理提供理论与实践基础。