水库汛期洪峰沙峰多目标联合优化调度研究

Reservoir flood resources utilization is an important way of efficient development and utilization of water resources, and also a hotspot of research at present. However, reservoir flood resources utilization may cause the increase of sediment deposition and reduction of reservoir regulation capability, and even shorten reservoir service life. For this problem, based on previous research on optimal operation model and application of reservoir flood resources, this research take joint optimization operation of flood peak and sediment peak as research objects, and explore optimal reservoir operation theories and methods considering flood resources utilization and sediment exclusion. This research tries to analyze law of coincidence and transport for flood peak and sediment peak, establishes reservoir multi-objective optimization operation model of flood peak and sediment peak considering flood control, reservoir benefits and sediment exclusion, proposes pareto-based optimization methods by swarm intelligence algorithm, and then derives optimal joint operation rules of flood peak and sediment peak taking optimal results as samples. This study meets the needs of new situation in the field of reservoir operation, and provides technology support for comprehensive utilization of reservoir flood resources.

水库洪水资源化是新时期高效开发利用水资源的重要途径，并成为目前研究的热点，但洪水资源化会因水库水位抬高而引起库区泥沙淤积的增加，进而影响水库调节性能甚至使用寿命。对此，本项目在申请者以往水库洪水资源优化调度模型及应用研究的基础上，选取洪峰、沙峰联合优化调度为研究对象，统筹水沙关系，探索兼顾洪水资源化和排沙减淤的水库优化调度理论和方法。项目首先通过不同洪峰、沙峰组合遭遇频率、传播特性分析及洪峰沙峰调度影响因子辨识，建立综合考虑防洪安全、兴利效益和排沙减淤的水库洪峰沙峰多目标联合优化调度模型，提出基于群集智能进化的Pareto优化技术与方法，进而以优化调度模拟结果为样本，研究水库洪峰、沙峰联合优化调度规则的提取方法。本研究适应水库调度领域新形势新目标的需求，为水库汛期洪水资源综合利用调度方案的制定提供科技支撑。

项目针对水库洪水资源化综合调度过程中面临的水沙联合调度问题，通过定量分析水沙输移变化规律，分析了水库运行方式对水位流量及排输沙的影响，辨识水沙输移的关键影响因子，建立了基于统计分析理论的水沙数学模型；构建了综合考虑防洪、发电和排沙的水库水沙联合优化调度模型，实现了水库防洪、发电、排沙调度模型的耦合；探讨了基于Pareto优化理论和智能进化算法的多目标高效求解方法；分别以发电、防洪、排沙（输沙）为目标，分别进行了单目标、多目标优化，定量分析了水库运行方式对发电、防洪、排输沙等各目标的影响，以及发电、防洪、及排输沙目标的非劣关系，研究了考虑水库排输沙、防洪和兴利效益最大等多目标下的水库水沙联合优化调度规律，为考虑防洪、兴利和排沙要求的水库汛期洪水资源综合优化调度决策提供理论依据与技术支撑。