高含固污泥厌氧生物降解的分子生态学机理研究

Anaerobic digestion is an effective technological approach to realize the recycle and utilization of sewage sludge. High solid anaerobic digestion technology belongs to a new generation of anaerobic digestion technology, could improve the anaerobic digestion efficiency and has great foreground. However, the study on this technology has just started in our country. Based on the previous study, our research group found and confirmed that the physical and chemical parameters were changed obviously in high solid anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge resulting from the increasing of the total solid content of sewage sludge. Anaerobic digestion is a process of organic matter degradation and stabilization by microorganisms, and the change of substrate concentration will lead the change of microbial morphology in systems. The microbial community structure and diversity in high solid anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge will be investigated with high-throughput prosequencing method in this project; fluorescent quantitation polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence in situ hybridization technologies will be used for the original position distribution and rapid quantitative analysis; efficiency and steady multiple microbial consortium will be constructed its function in high solid anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge will be discussed. Implementation of this project will help to understand in depth the molecular ecology mechanism of high solid anaerobic biodegradation of sewage sludge, reveal the original physiological property and function of microorganisms, promote the development of efficiency microbial agent, and be of important theoretic and practical meaning for guiding the directional regulation of microbial community function and further increasing anaerobic digestion efficiency.

厌氧消化是实现污泥资源回收和利用的有效技术途径之一。高含固厌氧消化技术属于新一代厌氧消化技术，可以提升厌氧消化的效率，具有很好的发展前景，目前该研究在我国刚刚起步。本课题组在前期的研究中发现证实了高含固污泥厌氧消化技术由于污泥浓度的提升，厌氧消化过程的理化参数的变化显著。厌氧消化是有机物由微生物进行降解和和稳定的过程，基质浓度的改变将会引起系统中微生物相的改变。本项目拟采用高通量测序方法研究高含固污泥厌氧消化系统中微生物群落结构和多样性；利用实时荧光定量PCR和荧光原位杂交技术对优势微生物进行原位分布和快速定量分析；构建高效稳定的复合微生物菌群，探讨其在高含固污泥厌氧消化中的作用。通过本项目的实施，将有助于深入认识高含固污泥厌氧生物降解的分子生态学微观机理，揭示微生物的原位特性和功能，推动高效微生物菌剂的研制，对有效指导高含固污泥厌氧消化，进一步提高厌氧消化效率具有重要的理论和实际意义。

厌氧消化是实现污泥资源回收和利用的有效技术途径之一。高含固厌氧消化技术属于新一代厌氧消化技术，可以提升厌氧消化的效率，具有很好的发展前景，目前该研究在我国刚刚起步。本课题组在前期的研究中发现证实了高含固污泥厌氧消化技术由于污泥浓度的提升，厌氧消化过程的理化参数的变化显著。厌氧消化是有机物由微生物进行降解和和稳定的过程，基质浓度的改变将会引起系统中微生物相的改变。.本项目采用了高通量测序方法研究高含固污泥厌氧消化系统中微生物群落结构和多样性；利用实时荧光定量PCR和荧光原位杂交技术对优势微生物进行原位分布和快速定量分析；为了提高高含固厌氧消化系统中VFAs和甲烷的产量，结合碱性预处理和相互协同效应开展了高含固污泥和牛粪协同厌氧消化研究。采用454高通量测序发现在高含固污泥厌氧消化系统中Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes和Firmicutes是主要的功能性微生物。通过实时荧光定量PCR和荧光原位杂交技术研究发现高含固污泥厌氧消化促进了总细菌数量的增加，从而增强了水解和酸化过程。同时，在高含固污泥厌氧消化系统以Methanosarcina为主的古菌数量高于低含固污泥厌氧消化系统中古菌数量，使得VFAs和甲烷的产量增加。在高含固污泥和牛粪厌氧消化研究中，试验结果显示最佳条件下（VS比例3:7和pH 为9.0）最高的VFAs产量是98.33 g/kg-TS。在半连续式厌氧效果系统中，污泥和牛粪协同消化的的甲烷产生量超过了120.0 L/kg-TS。.通过本项目的实施，将有助于深入认识高含固污泥厌氧生物降解的分子生态学微观机理，揭示微生物的原位特性和功能，推动高效微生物菌剂的研制，对有效指导高含固污泥厌氧消化，进一步提高厌氧消化效率具有重要的理论和实际意义。