污泥高含固厌氧消化中的物质转化原理及新技术研究

With the rapid development of urbanization and the construction of wastewater treatment plants, the disposal and treatment of sewage sludge has become increasingly grim. As the requirement of recycling resources and energy from sludge has gradually attracted more attentions, high-efficiency anaerobic digestion technique will be the focus of development in the future. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop the anaerobic digestion technique in terms of high-solids sludge (TS>10%). The study of anaerobic conversion of sludge under high-solids conditions has been conducted previously by our research group and has also been applied into practices in China. However, since the composition of sewage sludge is complicated and the reclamation processes involve multiple reactions, lack of systematic study on regular pattern of material and energy flow during the high added value conversion of sludge has restricted the further development of anaerobic digestion techniques. Based on the changes in existing form, distribution and metabolism of biogenic elements in sludge such as carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S), this project intends to systematically study on the conversion between material and energy, perform research on the recognition and activation of refractory compounds, and establish the model development and dynamic simulation of substance transformation. Moreover, this project is to put forward a new technique based on high-solids digestion which can achieve higher efficiency of material conversion and bio-energy recovery, and finally provide theoretical and technical support for the development of anaerobic digestion technique.

随着我国城镇化的快速发展和污水处理规模的不断增加，污水厂污泥的处理处置问题日益严峻。污泥的资源化和能源化要求逐渐受到关注，高效厌氧消化技术是未来污泥资源化和能源化发展的重点，对污泥高含固厌氧消化新技术（含固率>10%）进行系统研究具有重要意义。课题组对高含固条件下污泥的厌氧转化开展了前期研究，并在我国实现了工程转化应用。但由于市政污泥成分复杂多变，在资源化与能源化转化中涉及多重复合的反应过程，对于污泥物质高值转化的物质流与能量流机理进行系统研究的欠缺制约了该技术的进一步提升。本项目在阐明污泥中C、N、S等生物源要素的物质赋存形态转化与代谢规律的基础上，开展物质-能量转化的系统性分析，研究污泥难降解物质的识别与活化预处理技术，建立物质转化过程的模型和模拟，提出污泥厌氧消化物质转化“整体最优”的新技术，实现物质和能源回收的最大化，为我国高效厌氧消化技术的发展提供理论和技术支撑。

随着我国城镇化的快速发展和污水处理规模的不断增加，污水厂污泥的处理处置问题日益严峻。在全球应对气候变化、实现碳减排和资源循环利用的大背景下，污水厂污泥的资源化和能源化要求逐渐受到关注，高效的厌氧消化技术是未来污泥资源化和能源化发展的重点，对污泥高含固厌氧消化新技术（含固率>10%）进行系统性研究具有极其重要的意义。本项目基于以高含固污泥处理为基础的污泥高级厌氧消化新技术，识别了污泥关键组分结构和赋存形态，揭示了污泥有机质抗降解机制；提出了高含固污泥的流变特性及模型，阐明了高含固污泥厌氧消化系统中碳、氮、硫等重要物质在新技术固-液-气相变体系中的物质流特征及相应微生物机制，构建了高含固污泥厌氧消化系统的生化动力学模型，奠定了基于高含固污泥定向调控污泥有机质转化途径的基础；在阐明水热、生物预处理手段中物理-化学-生物等多条件刺激-应答机制的基础上，提出了主要难降解有机物的活化方法，开发了基于高含固污泥体系下的有机质定向转化、难降解物质分质活化和微生物分相调控的新技术，突破了污泥有机质难降解瓶颈，提高了污泥甲烷产率和降解率，建立了污泥高级厌氧消化新技术路线，为突破污泥预处理关键技术和实现高效厌氧处理示范工程应用提供理论支撑。