解释水平视角下社交媒体用户信息搜寻失败及干预机制研究

Information seeking failures are the cognitive artifacts, representing individuals’ perceptions that information seeking has unsuccessful outcomes. According to construal level theory, individuals’ representations of information seeking failures and the related characteristics will change along with the perceptions of psychological distance, which in turn affects people’s cognitive framework and emotional changes, thus forming different cognitions on behavioral outcomes. In order to systematically and thoroughly understand the information seeking failures and the intervention mechanisms from the perceptive of construal level, construal level theory and information seeking behavior are taken as theory background. Both quantitative and qualitative methods, such as questionnaire survey, interview, grounded theory approach, case study and structural equation modeling and so on, are employed. Rooted in the social media context, this project develops and validates the measurement scales on information seeking failures, and extracts the antecedents affecting social media users’ information seeking failures. And then, given the effects of different dimensions of psychological distance, influencing factors and their change patterns of relative importance are investigated. It also examines the influencing mechanisms of information seeking failures on the subsequent information behaviors. At the same time, different users’ perceptions of information seeking failures and their impacting variables are compared. It also explores the intervention mechanisms of information seeking failures. Finally, the optimal strategies and suggestions are proposed. It has both theoretical value and practical implications.

信息搜寻失败是认知的产物，表示人们对信息搜寻失败结果的感知。依据解释水平理论，人们对信息搜寻过程及与之相关的线索和特征的解释会随解释水平的高低和心理距离的远近而发生不同程度的变化，进而影响人们的认知框架和情感变化，产生不同的行为结果认知。为系统深入地把握解释水平视角下信息搜寻失败及干预机制，本项目以解释水平和信息搜寻行为为理论背景，采用问卷调查、访谈法、扎根理论、案例研究、结构方程建模等定性与定量研究方法，依托社交媒体，开发与检验信息搜寻失败的测量量表，抽取和表征社交媒体用户信息搜寻失败的前置因素。在此基础上，探讨不同心理距离维度作用下信息搜寻失败的影响因素及其相对重要性变化规律，以及信息搜寻失败对后续信息行为的作用机制，比较不同用户群体的信息搜寻失败及影响变量的感知差异性的规律，并考察信息搜寻失败的干预机制与措施，进而针对性地提出优化策略与建议。本项目研究具有理论价值和现实意义。

互联网环境下新兴技术的发展与应用为社交媒体注入了新活力，改变了信息搜寻行为发生的情境，用户搜寻信息的方式和渠道随之变得更为多样。然而，海量的信息资源及其异质性给用户搜寻信息带来一些困难，甚至妨碍其需求的满足。信息搜寻失败是认知的产物，表示人们对信息搜寻失败结果的感知。依据解释水平理论，人们对信息搜寻过程及与之相关的线索和特征的解释会随解释水平的高低和心理距离的远近而发生不同程度的变化，进而影响人们的认知框架和情感变化，产生不同的行为结果认知。为系统地理解解释水平视角下信息搜寻失败及干预机制，本项目以解释水平理论、双因素模型、信息采纳模型、双路径模型、适应性结构理论等为理论基础，采用网络调查、问卷调查、访谈法、结构方程建模等定性与定量研究方法，依托社交媒体、在线健康社区、在线学术社区、数字图书馆等信息环境，将用户对搜寻到的信息的有用性和满意度/不满意度的认知作为成功或失败的衡量标准，考察用户信息搜寻过程中的障碍及失败原因，分析社交媒体用户学术信息搜寻、健康信息搜寻、扩展性信息搜寻等行为的前置影响因及后续行为。在此基础上，考察不同信息距离和经验距离等维度作用下用户对信息搜寻行为及其影响变量的感知差异，探讨信息搜寻失败的干预措施，针对社交媒体、数字图书馆等提供的信息服务提出优化策略与建议，促进其创新发展。研究结果具有理论价值和现实意义。