层状双金属氢氧化物及焙烧产物/石墨烯气凝胶三维复合纳米材料的制备、吸附-解吸性能和作用机制研究

In order to solve the low removal efficiency of the low concentrations, highly toxic, refractory organic pollutants in water, This project prepare layered double hydroxide oxide and calcined product / 3D graphene aerogel composite nanomaterials, and regulate the physical and chemical characteristics of layered double hydroxides, calcined product and 3D graphene aerogel such as the structure, morphology, surface properties and so on. The project investigate the mutual adsorption effect of composite material between water and organic pollutants, analyze the impact of its physical and chemical properties for selective adsorption ability of organic pollutants, and to explore chemical bond, the coordination environment, surface and interface characteristics and changes discipline between composite nanomaterials and organic contaminant molecules during the reaction, and to reveal the microscopic and interaction mechanism between layered double hydroxides and calcined product / 3D graphene aerogel composite nanomaterials and organic contaminant molecules. Investigate desorption process of typical pollutant on nanocomposite adsorbent under conventional desorption conditions, to clarify the impact nanocomposite adsorbent desorption under different conditions of reuse. Establish adsorption model based on the characteristics of the adsorbent and the adsorption thermodynamics and kinetic parameters. Completion of the project work will facilitate and promote the adsorption method used to treat no-recovery organic wastewater contaminants, so that adsorption wastewater treatment technology has been developed. The works provide a new way for treating difficult degradation of organic wastewater.

为解决水中低浓度、高毒性、难降解的有机污染物去除效率低的问题，本项目系统调控了层状双金属氢氧化物以及焙烧产物和3D石墨烯气凝胶的结构、形貌、表面特性等物理化学特征，制备了层状双金属氢氧化物以及焙烧产物/3D石墨烯气凝胶复合纳米材料。研究复合材料在水中与有机污染物之间的相互吸附作用，分析其物理化学特性对有机污染物的选择性吸附能力的影响，探讨在反应过程中复合纳米材料和有机污染物分子的化学键、配位环境以及表界面特性等的变化及规律，揭示两者之间吸附的相互作用和微观机理；研究常规解吸条件下典型污染物在复合纳米材料吸附剂上的解吸过程，弄清不同解吸条件下得到的复合纳米材料吸附剂对再生效果的影响。根据吸附剂的特性和吸附热力学和动力学参数建立吸附模型。本项目研究工作的完成将推动和促进吸附法应用于不宜于回收污染物的有机废水的处理，使吸附法废水处理技术得到发展，为难降解有机废水的处理提供新途径。

本项目围绕对难降解有机废水有高效吸附性能的吸附剂的研发展开工作。（1）高质量石墨烯气凝胶与石墨烯量子点的制备，获得不同表面官能团功能化的石墨烯量子点材料，系统研究不同表面官能团对吸附性能的影响；（2）石墨烯量子点与层状双金属氢氧化物复合材料的制备与性能研究，石墨烯量子点单分散的负载在层状双金属氢氧化物表面，可以提供更多的活性位点，增强吸附性能；（3）C3N4/煤灰复合物对水溶液中布洛芬的吸附性能研究，研究不同因素对吸附性能的影响，探讨其增强吸附的机理。研究吸附剂再生回收方法，为适合于高效，低成本和广泛的水污染处理工业应用提供实验依据；（4）生物质高粱基多孔碳材料的吸附性能研究，通过研究发现，静电吸引和物理吸附的共同作用促进了高粱基多孔碳材料的优异吸附性能和吸附稳定性。本项目研究工作的完成将推动和促进吸附法应用于不宜于回收污染物的有机废水的处理，使吸附法废水处理技术得到发展，为难降解有机废水的处理提供新途径。