自限位/自激励的伸缩纵振式定常管流压电俘能器研究

A self-limiting/self-excited piezoelectric harvester based on coupled action of steady channel flow and telescopic piezoelectric transducer (piezoelectric fluid energy harvester) is presented, and the forming theory and method of the capability of self-excited retractable vibration and energy harvesting will be investigated theoretically and experimentally. For the advantages such as, high reliability, wide frequency band, no electromagnetic interference and so on, the piezoelectric fluid energy harvester is suitable for the self-powered sensor-monitoring in the fields of the oil and gas pipeline/ environment / apparatus of transport, for self powered remote meter reading system of natural gas and tap water of urban residents.At first, the dynamics/kinematics models of the piezoelectric fluid energy harvester will be established according to the coupling relationship among the mechnical-electrohydraulic system. On this basis, computer simulation will be utilized to obtain the coupling performance of mechnical-electrohydraulic system, the influence regularity of fluid-coupled action on the performance of self-excited retractable vibration as well as energy harvesting, and the optimal matching relationship of the system elements.Secondly,the self-excited retractable vibration perfaomance/model and the energy-generation perfaomance of the self-limiting telescopic piezoelectric transducer in steady channel flow will be studied. The influence of the structures/coupling-mode of mechanical unit and enegy harvesting strategy of electrical control unit on the self-excited vibration and capability/efficiency of energy conversion of piezoelectric fluid energy harvester will be analyzed. Based on this, the key factors restricting responding speed and energy conversion/storaging efficiency of the peizoelectric transducer will be picked out. At the same time, the essential principle for the self-excited vibration and fluid energy hravesting of the harvester at wide frequency bandwidth will be found out. According to the above research results, 4 kinds of self-limiting/self-excited piezoelectric fluid energy harvester will be fabricated using different sorts of piezelectric transducers and energy conversion methods. A series of experiments on the prototypes will be carried out so as to obtain the optimal self-excited strategies, mechanical structures, and energy harvesting methods. Finally, 4 piezoelectric fluid energy harvesters and the key parameters as well as the technology for their design and fabrication will be completed and provided.

提出利用自限位伸缩式压电换能器与定常管道流耦合作用形成自激纵向伸缩振动并发电，研究这种自激纵振的产生机理及其发电能力的形成理论与方法，进而构造可靠性高、频带宽、无电磁干扰的微小型定常管流压电俘能器，用于油气管线/环境/高速载运工具等的自供电监测或民用燃气/水的自供电远程抄表系统。研究内容：统筹考虑俘能器系统要素间的耦合关系，建立系统动力/运动学模型，通过模拟仿真获得要素间非线性耦合特性及其对自激纵振与发电能力的影响规律、以及合理的系统参数匹配关系；研究定常管道流作用下自限位伸缩式压电换能器自激纵振特性/模态及其能量转换特性，分析机械/电控单元对发电能力及能量效率的影响规律，提取制约压电换能器频响特性、能量转换/存储效率等的关键要素，揭示流体耦合作用形成自激纵振及其发电能力的本质机理；进行4种样机制作与试验，获得最优自激方案、机械结构及能量回收策略；试制样机4套，提供设计方法及关键制造技术。

提出利用自限位伸缩式压电换能器与定常管道流耦合作用形成自激纵向伸缩振动发电并构造微小型定常管流压电俘能器，用于油气管线/环境/高速载运工具等的自供电监测或民用燃气/水的自供电远程抄表系统。主要内容：进行了伸缩式压电换能器/振子的理论建模仿真及有限元分析，获得了预弯/平直压电振子及其伸缩换能器、圆形压电振子、简支梁压电振子的结构/尺度参数对其形变状态/应力分布/固有频率/振动模态/发电能力的影响规律；提出了腔式压电气流俘能器，从理论和试验两方面进行了研究并获得了激励参数（激励距离、气流压力）及结构参数（主副腔长度及腔直径）对其输出性能的影响规律；进行了脱涡纵振式压电管道气流俘能器的COMSOL有限元及动力学建模与仿真分析，获得了升/曳力系数及影响涡激力幅频特性的关键因素以及流体速度/钝体与管道的宽度比（直径比）/扰流板厚度等相关参数对俘能器性能的影响规律；设计制作了基于简支梁型、预弯型、平直型压电振子的脱涡纵振式压电管道气流俘能器并进行了试验研究，获得了单钝体直径比/厚度比、预紧弹簧压力、附加质量、流速、负载电阻、复合钝体结构/参数等对俘能器输出性能（电压或功率）的影响规律，证明了自激纵振管道流压电俘能的可行性；进行了柔性、弹性及刚性尾翼旗摆式压电俘能器的性能测试与对比分析，获得了不同风速下尾翼结构尺寸及刚度对俘能器性能的影响规律；增加了涡轮式磁耦合压电俘能器（压电风车和水轮俘能器）的研究，获得了激励与被激励磁铁间激励距离、激励磁铁数量、系统刚度/附加质量及流体速度等对其发电性能的影响规律，拓展了流体耦合式压电俘能器的应用范围；结合研究计划及拓展工作，培养硕士研究生9人，尚有4名硕士从事相关工作；公开发表相关论文18篇（其中7篇SCI/EI双检、10篇EI检索）、录用EI源期刊论文2篇，获授权发明专利19项、尚有在审发明专利7项。