基于组合换能器的磁力耦合辅助激励式压电振动发电机研究

A vibration energy generator based on composite piezoelectric transducer and auxiliary excitation of magnetic coupling is presented. The forming theory and method of the capability of vibration response and energy generating of the piezoelectric vibration generator under auxiliary magnetic coupling excitation will be investigated theoretically and experimentally. For the advantages，such as high-reliability/low-frequency/wide-band/multi-drection and so on, the piezoelectric vibration energy generator is suitable for the self-powered sensor-monitoring in the fields of the environment/ apparatus of transport and portable micropower electonic products. At first, the dynamics/ kinematics models of the piezoelectric vibration energy generator will be established according to the coupling relationship among the electromechanical system. On this basis, computer simulation will be utilized to obtain the coupling performance of electromechanical system, the influence regularity of magnetic coupled excitaion on the performance of vibration response as well as energy generation, and the optimal matching relationship of the system elements. Secondly, vibration response characteristic/model and the energy generation performance of the composite piezoelectric transducer under magnetic coupling excitation will be studied. The influence of the structures/coupling-mode of mechanical unit and enegy harvesting strategy of electrical control unit on the vibration response and capability/efficiency of energy conversion of piezoelectric vibration energy generator will be analyzed. Based on this, the key factors restricting reliability, adaptability to environment,responding speed and energy conversion/storaging efficiency of the composite piezoelectric transducer will be picked out. At the same time, the essential principle for the vibration response and energy harvesting of the generator under low-frequency/wide-bandwidth/ multi-direction vibraion will be found out. According to the above research results, 2 kinds of piezoelectric vibration ernergy generator excited with auxiliary magnetic coupling action will be fabricated using different sorts of composite piezoelectric transducers and energy conversion methods. A series of experiments on the prototypes will be carried out so as to obtain the optimal strategies of magnetic coupling excitation, mechanical structures, and energy harvesting methods. Finally, 6 piezoelectric vibration energy generators as well as the key parameters and technology for their design and fabrication will be completed and provided .

提出利用组合换能器与所增设的激励器和定磁铁间的磁力耦合作用形成预弯压电振子单向变形发电的新方法，研究换能器振动响应特性/机理及发电能力的形成理论与方法，构造可靠性高、综合环境适应性与发电能力强、且具多自由度/多稳态/多方向振动特性的磁力耦合辅助激励式压电振动发电机，为载运工具/环境等监测系统供电。内容：统筹考虑发电机构成要素间的耦合关系，建立系统运动/动力学模型，经模拟仿真获得要素间非线性耦合规律及其对压电振子单向变形/发电能力的影响规律以及合理的系统参数匹配；研究换能器及其组件的振动特性/模态及能量转换特性，分析机械/电控单元要素对发电能力/效率的影响规律，提取制约可靠性/环境适应性、能量转换/提取/输出效率等的关键要素，揭示磁力耦合辅助激励下换能器的振动响应与发电机理；进行2类样机制作与试验，获得最优磁耦合辅助激励方案、机械结构及电控单元策略；试制样机6套，提供设计方法及关键制造技术。

提出利用组合换能器与所增设的激励器和定磁铁间的磁力耦合辅助作用形成预弯压电振子单向弯曲变形发电并构造振动发电机，用于超低频、宽带及多向振动能收集。主要内容：提出利用辅助梁与其两侧配置的压电振子构造组合换能器，进行了组合换能器、辅助梁及压电振子的建模仿真与试验研究，获得了预弯/装配预弯压电振子及辅助梁结构对变形量、振动模态、等效刚度及应力分布等的影响规律，测试了等厚与非等厚辅助梁结构/参数对组合换能器幅频特性的影响；提出通过增设激励器/耦合器实现磁耦合间接/换向激励的两自由度发电机，通过耦合器的刚度和质量调节系统固有频率、提高环境适应性和可靠性，经建模仿真与试验研究获得了组合换能器及耦合器的结构与参数（器件结构/尺寸、质量、刚度）、激励磁铁与受激磁铁空间配置关系等对发电机振动响应及发电性能的影响规律，证明了该类型发电机原理的可行性；提出通过增设单/双耦合磁铁构造非线性振动系统，通过改变耦合磁铁的尺度及空间配置方式调节组合换能器的振幅、拓宽频带，经建模仿真与试验研究获得了置于换能器上的动磁铁与固定的耦合磁铁间空间配置方式、单耦合磁铁耦合角度等对发电机振动响应及发电性能的影响规律；提出了适于任一振动方向能量回收的摆锤激励多方向振动发电机并进行了理论与试验研究，获得组合换能器结构、摆锤质量/长度及振动方向等对发电机振动响应及发电性能的影响规律；此外，还提出了基于组合换能器及磁耦合辅助激励的旋转致振以及流体致振发电机并进行了初步研究，获得了相关要素对其性能的影响规律，拓展了压电发电机的研究领域与应用范围。结合研究计划及拓展工作，培养硕士研究生10名，尚有2名硕士从事相关工作；公开发表相关论文21篇（其中16篇SCI/EI双检、5篇EI检索），录用SCI源期刊论文1篇、EI源期刊论文3篇；获授权发明专利23项，在审发明专利6项。