基于UCL微气候改善的寒地城市住区公共开放空间优化及控制规划技术研究

Large-scale development together with high-intensity construction and renewal lead to the phenomenon of deterioration of environmental quality of urban canopy layer (UCL) microclimate, which has become increasingly prominent in many winter cities with high density population in severe cold regions. As a result, urban public space, which is in the adverse macro-regional climates, faces the problems of environmental quality declining. Besides, urban public vitality and social-economic activities are also greatly affected by reduction of outdoor comfort and outdoor active time. This research intends to carry out data collection and field observations on the sample public open spaces selected from investigation and classification of the existing public open spaces in urban residential districts in Harbin to evaluate the UCL microclimate. Combined with the CFD environment simulation and GIS analysis techniques, the gray relational grade between planning and design elements of the natural and built environment and micro-climate environmental factors will be analyzed to make clear of key planning and design elements affecting the micro-climate environment. Furthermore, the correlation of key planning and design elements and improvement range of micro-climate environment will be analyzed. Then the planning and design technology system for winter city residential districts in severe cold regions based on microclimate environment improvement is proposed including optimization methods of existing public open spaces and control methods of new ones. The research is aiming at providing technical support for the upgrading and improvement of the environmental quality of urban public open spaces in winter cities in severe cold regions, and directing to implementation of guidelines of local planning management technology on public open spaces in winter cities.

大规模、高强度的开发建设和更新改造引发UCL微气候环境质量恶化的现象在严寒地区高密度人口聚居的城市日渐突出，导致本身就处于不利宏观地域气候环境中的城市公共空间环境质量下降，户外舒适度降低、舒适时间缩短的同时也极大地影响城市公共活力的提升和社会经济活动的开展。课题以哈尔滨为例，对城市住区既有开放空间进行调查、分类，选择样本开放空间进行数据采集和现场观测，对开放空间UCL微气候环境进行评价，结合CFD环境模拟及GIS分析技术，分析自然环境和建成环境要素等规划设计要素与微气候环境因子间的关联度，明确影响微气候环境的主导规划设计要素，进一步开展主导要素与微气候环境改善幅度的相关性分析，结合现状有针对性地提出严寒地区城市住区层面既有开放空间优化及新建开放空间控制规划技术体系。研究旨在为严寒地区城市开放空间环境质量的提升和优化提供技术支撑，为城市制订开放空间地方性规划管理技术规定和实施导则提供指导。

摘要.长期以来，快速的城市化进程使得本身就处于不利宏观地域气候环境中的严寒地区城市公共开放空间环境质量下降，造成户外舒适度降低和舒适时间缩短，同时也极大地影响严寒地区城市公共活力的提升。严寒地区城市住区公共开放空间作为全体居民共有的休闲活动、邻里交往等的主要场所，其微气候环境质量的高低是评价住区品质的关键。项目以典型严寒地区城市哈尔滨为例，首先明确其户外季节与过渡季节区间，在此基础上对住区公共开放空间过渡季节的UCL微气候环境进行分析研究，提出通过优化开放空间过渡季节微气候环境的方式提升过渡季节舒适性并延长户外舒适时间。其次，通过微气候环境调研与结构性访谈等方法对城市既有住区公共空间的微气候环境现状进行分析与评价，确定微气候状况及其与人行为活动的关系。在此基础上，通过关联分析方法确定城市住区公共空间规划设计要素与微气候因子的关联度，进而通过环境模拟的方法研究主导规划设计要素与微气候环境改善的相关性。最后，针对严寒地区城市特有的气候环境，提出基于微气候环境包括日照环境和风环境优化的住区公共空间优化与控制规划策略。本项目是以指导城市建设健康发展，建设符合可持续发展的宜居寒地城市人居环境为目的的应用性研究，具有重要的理论意义。同时，项目对于推动东北老工业基地的改造和复兴也具有广泛的应用前景和重要的现实意义。