建筑无障碍标识色彩与尺度量化设计策略研究

China is suffering from increasing aged and disabled population that signs in accessible environment have become a significant subject. In this field, China is still weak in scientific research and standards or regulations, which are mostly drawn Reference from overseas achievements, and still lack quantitative design methods about color and scale responding to the international forefront accessible design theories, especially in aspects as color contrast, installation height and text scale suitable for Chinese. Based on related theories such as universal design, inclusive design, architectural physics and ergonomics, with survey on domestic situation, comprehensive comparative analysis of domestic and foreign literatures on research or standards, lack of affecting factors considered in the past research idea and experiment method can be summarized. Based on the actual needs and human scale of Chinese population with disabilities, experiments are optimized and carried out, which are human subjective evaluation and accessible ergonomic measurement, utilizing statistics, inclusivity calculation and impairment stimulation software and hardware tools, thus research can be performed on quantitative relations between color contrast, installation height, text size and their affecting factors, including sight distance, Hue, illuminance, sign types, human scale, user distribution and so on, trying to find scientific quantitative design strategies in accordance with inclusive design theories, suited to China conditions, in order to make useful theoretic contributions and design references to barrier-free environment construction.

我国面临人口严重老龄化和残疾人增多的困境，无障碍环境中的标识也成为重要课题。国内关于无障碍标识色彩与尺度的量化设计理论多为借鉴国外成果，尤其是色彩对比度以及安装高度、文字大小要素方面科研薄弱、标准不完善。课题以通用设计和包容性设计、建筑物理、人体工程等相关学科理论为依据，通过考察国内现状，综合对比分析国内外科研和标准文献，归纳得出以往研究的思路与方法考虑影响因素的不足。基于我国障碍人群的实际需求与人体尺度，优化设计并开展主观评价实验和人体工程测量试验，应用科学统计软件、包容性分析计算软件和障碍仿真体验设备套件等工具，进行标识色彩对比度、安装高度和文字尺度设计要素与包括视距、色相、照度、标识类型、人体尺度、用户分布等影响因子量化关系的研究，力图找到一套符合“包容性”理论、适合我国国情、指标量化的科学设计策略，以期为我国无障碍环境建设做出有益的理论贡献和设计参考。

我国面临人口严重老龄化和残疾人增多的困境，无障碍环境中的标识也成为重要课题。国内关于无障碍标识色彩与尺度的量化设计理论多为借鉴国外成果，尤其是色彩对比度以及安装高度、文字大小要素方面科研薄弱、标准不完善。课题以通用设计、包容性设计、全容设计等广义无障碍理论，以及建筑物理、人类工效学等相关学科理论为依据，通过考察国内现状，综合对比分析国内外科研和标准文献，归纳得出以往研究的思路与方法考虑影响因素的不足。基于我国障碍人群的实际需求进行了人体尺度与空间测量试验；针对标识色彩与尺度进行优化设计并开展主观评价实验，应用科学统计软件、包容性分析计算软件和障碍仿真体验设备等工具，进行标识色彩对比度或亮度比、安装高度和文字尺度设计要素与包括视距、色相、视锐度、照度、标识类型、障碍类型等影响因子量化关系的研究，得出了一系列符合广义无障碍理论、适合我国国情、指标量化的科学设计策略，能够为国内的无障碍设计学术研究提供理论补充与参考，为无障碍环境建设提供设计实践指导。