新型发光试剂功能化贵金属纳米复合材料的制备及其在矿山废水中多环芳烃痕量分析检测中的应用研究

Nowadays, much attentions have been paid to the development of new method for detecting of pollutions in mine environment without large-scale instruments and equipment. Chemiluminescence (CL) methods have the advantages of high sensitivity, wide linear range and simple instrumentation. In recent years, CL functionalized nanomaterials-based biosensors have been widely studied. However, CL functionalized noble metal nanomaterial with magnetic separation performance and its further applications in environmental analysis have not been reported. In this project, a simple method for the synthesis of magnetic CL functionalized noble metal nanocomposites was proposed and the growth mechanism and physicochemical properties of magnetic CL functionalized nanocomposites will be investigated. Considering its intrinsic peroxidase-like activity, magnetic nanoparticles will catalyze H2O2-related CL system. Thus the magnetic CL functionalized gold nanocomposites may show good CL performance, such as magnetic luminol functionalized gold nanocomposites. Based on the magnetic separation performance and good CL efficiency, magnetic CL functionalized nanocomposites-based probe or sensing interface will be constructed using antibody or aptamer as molecular recognition elements. Then, a novel CL sensor for the quantification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in mine wastewater will be developed. Taking the advantages of simple instrumentation in CL method, this project laid the foundation for the development of portable devices and a simple equipment for the in situ, rapid scene analysis of pollutions in mine environment may be explored in future.

近年来，发展不依赖于大型仪器设备的矿山环境污染因子检测方法备受关注。化学发光分析灵敏度高、线性范围宽、仪器简单。基于化学发光功能化纳米材料的化学发光生物传感分析已被广泛报道。但具有磁分离性能的发光功能化贵金属纳米材料的制备及环境分析应用还未见相关报道。本项目拟探索简单的合成方法，制备磁性化学发光功能化贵金属纳米复合材料，并对其生长机理、理化性质进行研究。基于磁性纳米粒子的模拟过氧化物酶性质对化学发光反应具有催化作用，所制备的磁性化学发光功能化金纳米复合材料有望展现优异的发光特性。基于磁性化学发光功能化金纳米材料优异的磁分离性能和发光特性，选择矿山废水中多环芳烃的抗体作为识别分子，组装分析探针或分析传感界面，开发针对矿山废水中有机污染物的灵敏、快速传感检测新方法。基于化学发光分析仪器简单的优点，有望进一步开发便携式环境污染因子原位、现场分析检测新设备，为矿山环境的恢复治理提供基础研究支撑。

我国作为矿产资源大国，矿产资源开发导致的环境问题日益凸显。本项目针对矿区废水中有机污染物的检测技术主要依赖于大型仪器设备这一问题开展方法研究，制备了一种稳定的磁性化学发光功能化纳米复合材料，并对其形貌、性能、表面特性等性能进行了表征。同时基于典型金属矿山调查研究筛选出的矿区污染物黄药类污染物进行了检测方法的构建，初步构建了一种基于紫外可见-分光光度法测定矿山废水中黄药的灵敏测定方法，为绿色矿山建设提供了技术支撑。同时延申工作链条，基于典型矿山地球系统中稀贵金属元素的测定开展方法研究，创新性建立锑铜试金方法和镍锍试金方法，首次实现了铂钯钌铑锇铱六种铂族元素的同时测定，摆脱了以往锇元素测定对进口同位素稀释剂的依赖，对矿山地球系统中微量元素测定具有重要意义。