水库浮泥发育过程及运移机理研究

After the density current,there is muddy water which is distributing stagnantly or nearly stagnantly in the bottom of the reservoir,and by the compacting effect formed with non Newtonian characteristics of suspension,that is reservoir fluid mud.The fine particles of reservoir fluid mud can easily lead to the flocculation and maintain a constant thickness in a quite long period of time,with the power of floods into the reservoir and combine reservoir operation,leading to reservoirs desilting,which plays an important role of reservoir sediment deposition reduction and resource utilization. Since the reservoir fluid mud formation and motion process affected by many factors,and the lack of measured data and dynamic conditions closely,it is difficult to analyze the scientific problems such as the formation process and the response of mechanism about subsequent density current.The project of methods and means was first to adopt a pressurized water tank,the combination of theoretical research, rheological test, prototype data analysis etc.,then the comprehensive study of the forming mechanism about reservoir fluid mud,the basic characteristics and the changing process, the starting process and migration law of subsequent density current,thus put forward the conditions of distinguishing reservoir fluid mud and its threshold,the floating sludge transport critical conditions of reservoir fluid mud,in order to establish the formation and starting of reservoir fluid mud which related physical figure and curve, reservoir mud transport related calculation method.The results of this study not only provide the technical support for the reservoir on sediment transport in storage period and at the bottom of the form adjustment,high efficient sediment but also can provide technical parameters for the reservoir sediment mathematical model。

水库浮泥是洪水过后分布在库底处于停滞或几近停滞的浑水体，经密实作用形成具有非牛顿体特性的悬浮体。水库浮泥颗粒极细易絮凝，在相当长时期内可保持一定厚度不变，借助入库洪水动力并结合水库调度排沙出库，对水库减淤或泥沙资源利用均有重要作用。由于水库浮泥形成与运动过程影响因素众多，且缺乏与其动力条件紧密联系的实测数据，现有成果难以解析水库浮泥发育过程、对后续异重流响应机制等亟需解决的科学问题。本项目首次设计并利用可加压密封水槽，结合理论研究、流变试验、原型资料分析等方法和手段，综合研究水库浮泥形成机理、基本特性及变化过程、后续异重流作用下起动过程及运移规律等。提出水库浮泥判别条件及其阈值、浮泥运移临界条件等，建立水库浮泥形成与起动相关物理图形与关系曲线、水库浮泥运移相关计算方法。其成果不仅为水库在蓄水期的泥沙输移、形态调整、高效排沙、优化调度等提供技术支撑，而且可为水库泥沙数学模型提供技术参数。

水库浮泥是洪水过后分布在库底处于停滞或几近停滞的浑水体，经密实作用形成具有非牛顿体特性的悬浮体。水库浮泥颗粒极细易絮凝，在相当长时期内可保持一定厚度不变，借助入库洪水动力并结合水库调度排沙出库，对水库减淤或泥沙资源利用均有重要作用。由于水库浮泥形成与运动过程影响因素众多，且缺乏与其动力条件紧密联系的实测数据，现有成果难以解析水库浮泥发育过程、对后续异重流响应机制等亟需解决的科学问题。 本项目首次设计并利用可加压密封水槽，结合理论研究、流变试验、原型资料分析等方法和手段，综合研究了水库浮泥形成机理、基本特性及变化过程、后续异重流作用下起动过程及运移规律，提出了水库浮泥判别条件及其阈值、浮泥运移临界条件等，建立了水库浮泥形成与起动相关物理图形与关系曲线、水库浮泥运移相关计算方法。其成果不仅为水库在蓄水期的泥沙输移、形态调整、高效排沙、优化调度等提供技术支撑，而且可为水库泥沙数学模型提供技术参数。