大豆抗菌核病主效QTL‘Rswm13’遗传基础解析及抗病基因作用机制研究

In order to reduce the contradiction of yield losses caused by soybean white mold (SWM) and the deficiency of disease-resistant varieties, In our previous study, a novel SWM resistance locus ‘Rswm13’ was first reported using genome wide association analysis (GWAS)combined with linkage analysis. Based on these works, genome, transcriptome sequencing data, and sequencing-based high resolution genetic linkage map would be integrated to redefine ‘Rswm13’. The candidate genes would be screened by sequence variation analysis, copy number variation analysis and gene expression analysis. Function of these new candidate genes would be analyzed using soybean and model plant arabidopsis via Agrobacterium tumefaciens combined with CRISPR/Cas9 and over expression technology, respectively. The mechanism of the resistance gene of ‘Rswm13’ would be revealed by combining the transcriptome data of transgenic arabidopsis thaliana and soybean with epistemic QTL underlying SWM resistance.Functional markers would be developed based on resistance genes. These works would promote SWM resistance breeding process and prepare theoritical basis of soybean molecular breeding.

为缓解大豆菌核病危害逐年加重与抗病品种缺乏之间的矛盾，本项目前期利用全基因组关联分析和连锁分析共定位方法首次报道了抗大豆菌核病主效位点‘Rswm13’，本项目拟整合基因组重测序和转录组测序大数据，利用高分辨率遗传连锁图谱重新定义‘Rswm13’，通过序列变异分析、拷贝数变异分析、基因表达分析等策略筛选抗病候选基因，以大豆和模式植物拟南芥为目标植物，通过根癌农杆菌结合CRISPR/Cas9和过量表达等技术鉴定抗病候选基因功能，并通过转基因拟南芥和大豆的转录组结合QTL上位性互作分析揭示抗病基因的作用机制，继而开发实用化标记并验证其准确性，为推动和缩短我国抗大豆菌核病育种进程奠定理论基础。

菌核病是引起大豆产量损失的第二大病害，抗病资源的鉴定和抗病分子遗传基础研究非常必要。本项目前期利用全基因组关联分析和连锁分析共定位方法首次报道了抗大豆菌核病主效位点‘Rswm13’，通过本项目实施，筛选获得2个受核盘菌诱导上调表达的抗病候选基因，通过根癌农杆菌介导的遗传转化结合超表达和基因编辑技术获得抗病基因过表达和敲除植株，获得 2个具有抗病功能的基因。获得与3个抗病基因功能标记，依此建立高效的抗菌核病分子育种技术，筛选得到 14个抗大豆菌核病的优异大豆种质，可将抗病品种育成周期缩短至2-4年，大大提升育种效率和选择准确性。