针对超低风速风力发电关键问题的蝎子蛊毛风电转换机理仿生研究

China is a low wind speed country. The ultra-low-speed wind energy utilization, making up 85% of the country's total wind energy resources, has been beeing the leading edge, hot spot and difficulty in wind-power and other related fields, and hasn't been solved effectively. In previous studies, we found that the scorpion trichobothria possess ultra sensitive perception function and it is attributed to it's construction, an ultra-low-speed wind-power conversion device which can generate action potentials even driven by quiet movement and air-flow changes. The excellent wind-power conversion function under ultra-low speed wind offers natural biological mode for solving the above problems. Taking scorpions' trichobothria as the research object, will be applied to conduct the bionic exploration on scorpions' trichobothria wind power conversion mechanism which is aimed at the key issues of ultra-low wind speed wind power. Additionally, the ultra-low wind speed wind power conversion mechanism of scorpions' trichobothria will be revealed, then the synthesized design principle of bionic ultra-low wind speed wind power conversion device will be put forward, the on-demand manufacturing method of bionic efficient wind power conversion device will be developed. Herein，three key issues remains to be solved, including the ultra-low wind speed wind power conversion mechanism of scorpions' trichobothria, the scale effect and modeling of ultra-low wind speed wind power conversion function of scorpions' trichobothria and the reconstruction of it. The research involves mecharonics, biology, materials and other fields, which will be useful in providing theories and technology supports for the design and manufacture of mechanical bionics.

我国是低风速国家，占全国风能资源85%的超低风速的风能利用问题是风电等相关领域的前沿、热点和难点，至今尚未有效解决。我们前期研究发现蝎子蛊毛之所以具有超灵敏感知功能，是因蛊毛本身是一个超低风速风电转换装置，最安静的移动和气流变化都可以产生动作电位，蝎子蛊毛超低风速下优异的风电转换功能为解决上述问题提供了天然的生物蓝本。本项目以蝎子蛊毛为研究对象，进行针对超低风速风力发电关键问题的蝎子蛊毛风电转换机理的仿生研究，揭示蝎子蛊毛超低风速风电转换机理，提出仿生超低风速风电转换器件的综合创成原理，研发仿生超低风速风电转换器件的按需制造方法。拟解决三项关键问题：蝎子蛊毛超低风速风电转换机理；蝎子蛊毛超低风速风电转换功能的尺度效应与建模；蝎子蛊毛超低风速风电转换功能仿生再现。该研究涉及机电、生物、材料、信息、控制等领域，为机械仿生设计与制造提供新的理论与技术支持。

我国是低风速国家，占全国风能资源85%的超低风速的风能利用问题是风电等相关领域的前沿、热点和难点，至今尚未有效解决。研究发现蝎子蛊毛之所以具有超灵敏感知功能，是因蛊毛本身是一个超低风速风电转换装置，最安静的移动和气流变化都可以产生动作电位，蝎子蛊毛超低风速下优异的风电转换功能为解决上述问题提供了天然的生物蓝本，可以帮助科学家来研制新型装置。本项目受蝎子对微弱流量信号高灵敏感知即超低风速风电转换机理的启发，以活体蝎子蛊毛为研究对象，采用体视显微镜与扫描电子显微镜相结合，超薄切片和电子显微镜观察相结合，机械刺激与电生理化学反应试验相结合的方法，揭示了蝎子蛊毛超低风速风电转换机理，以及蝎子蛊毛超低风速风电转换功能的仿生原理，建立了蝎子蛊毛的“类不倒翁模型”，提出了基于“类不倒翁模型”的超敏悬臂梁设计思想、设计准则与设计方法，研制了两种仿生超低风速无桨叶风电转换器件，并对仿生超低风速无桨叶风电转换器件的现实应用进行了分析，获得了仿生无桨叶超低风速风电转换器件的柔性应变、按需制造方法。分别对这两种仿生超低风速无桨叶风电转换器件进行风速载荷测试，测试结果为：对于电磁式仿蝎子蛊毛风力发电装置，一阶模态、二阶模态的振动响应风速大概是3m/s~5m/s，五阶模态对应的响应风速在10m/s附近，测试结果大约为1.38V；对于摩擦式仿生无桨叶风力发电装置，振动响应风速为3-5m/s，测试结果大约为0.03mV。因此，开展基于蝎子蛊毛风电转换机理的仿生机理研究，对于深入探索蝎子或其他蛛形纲生物体表毛型感受器的感知机理及其在风力发电等领域的应用，具有重要的科学探索价值和广阔工程应用前景。这些关键问题的突破，可为风力发电领域装备所需的低风速发电机的设计与制造提供创新理论支持和技术保障。