基于人因工程的公路照明光环境设置理论及关键技术研究

The research has important value for science and application. Nowadays, the theory of highway light environment still remains to study on driver's demand for pavement illumination luminance and static obstacle visual cognitive. It lacks of theoretical basis for studying on dynamic driving behavior characteristics and driving visual demand for highway lighting characteristics under complex working conditions. Light environment running quality assessment, design, monitoring and detection technology are not comprehensive and scientific. At the same time, there are more traffic safety problems relating light environment need to be resolved. This project is based on driving cognitive demand, driving workload and lighting sources characteristics and relevant theoretical research. We study on light environment design theory, expression and evaluation method which meets driver’s demand of driving safety. Especially study the driver’s response to expected highway light environment and the theory of behavior analysis among drivers, vehicles, road and light environment. In the dynamic road condition, it can not only meet the driver’s driving safety and comfort, but also achieve the low-carbon and low-energy methods in the design and expression of light environment operation, and environmental adaptive control methods and dynamic real-time multi-parameter detection methods. We do our best to make break through these questions. Focus on the formation of mechanism by interactive relationship between driving behavior expected workload, road condition, and safety and comfort, low-carbon light environment characteristics. The ultimate goals are to provide theoretical basis and operation quality assurance measures for setting up safety and comfort, energy-saving of highway light environment.

本研究具有重要科学研究与应用价值。目前对公路光环境设置理论尚处于驾驶员对路面光照亮度需求及静态路面障碍物视觉识别需求研究阶段，针对动态驾驶行为特性尤其是复杂工况条件下对公路照明特性视认需求缺乏系统理论研究，对光环境运行质量评价、设计、监控与检测方法不够全面与科学，更有很多光环境下交通安全问题急需解决。项目将在驾驶视认需求、驾驶工作负荷和照明光源特性等理论研究基础上，研究满足安全驾驶需求的光环境设置理论、表达与评价方法，尤其要研究人、车、路和光环境协同中驾驶员反应特性和行为分析设置理论，在动态道路条件中既要满足驾驶安全、舒适，又能实现低碳节能的光环境设计与运行表达方法及环境自适应控制手段和多参量动态实时检测方法，力争突破这些问题。重点研究驾驶期望工作负荷行为，道路条件，安全、舒适和低碳的光环境特性互动关系机理和质量保障措施。最终为驾驶安全、舒适和节能光环境设置提供理论依据及运行质量保障技术。

针对公路光环境的设置理论处于驾驶员对照明的亮度需求及静态的障碍物视觉认知需求理论研究阶段，复杂光环境条件下驾驶员行为特性、生心理特性的基础理论研究不足，光环境运行质量评价、设计、监控与检测技术缺乏全面性与科学性等诸多痛点。本研究探讨并建立了驾驶员视认需求、生物节律和照明光源特性等相关理论，以此为基础研究了人、车、路和光环境协同中驾驶员对期望的公路照明光环境的反应特性和行为理论，动态条件下既满足驾驶员安全、舒适和稳定的驾驶要求,又可实现低碳节能的公路光环境安全设计与运行表达的方法和控制、检测技术。.通过融合自然光与人造光不同光源特性环境条件下影响驾驶员安全舒适驾驶的多因素、多层面、多通道信息，建立了可准确表达驾驶员在公路不同光环境路段条件下驾驶安全舒适视认的光源特性需求机理，给出各种公路照明光环境路段不同工况条件下驾驶安全、舒适视认和照明节能的光环境质量需求和表达参数。.结合不同驾驶行为对公路照明光环境质量需求的特点，研究得到可有效辨认路面障碍物的光环境质量特性机理及“白洞”、“黑洞”、眩光和频闪等不良光环境质量的评价方法，通过静态与动态视认试验研究，建立了不同路段光环境安全舒适视认质量评价模型；根据驾驶员在公路不同断面、线形条件和环境条件安全舒适视认需求的光环境设计理论和技术，提出高光效、安全、可靠、耐久、节能的现代人工照明灯具选型及布设需求参数、方法和技术，以及安全、舒适和节能的公路照明光环境监控策略，构建适合公路智能照明光环境监测、控制机制和技术。.基于驾驶员的动态驾驶视认需求理论，提出适合公路照明多参数、综合的光环境检测方法，研发了可模拟人眼的动态多维光环境参数的快速检测技术。公路安全运行光环境设置理论与关键技术的研究具有重要的科学研究与应用价值，研究成果可为驾驶安全、舒适和节能的光环境设置提供理论依据及运行质量保障技术。