基于组织化学技术评价中药柴胡"辨状论质"的实质

Evaluating the quality of Chinese medicinal materials (CMMs) according to morphological characteristics is the essence of traditional identification experience. Macroscopic identification, an important method of authentication, has a long history rooted in practice and experience over generations. In ancient times, macroscopic features were used not only to identify the genuineness, but also to evaluate the quality of CMMs. In many ancient documents, picturesque terms were used to describe the quality of certain specific CMMs. These traditional macroscopic descriptions used for identification are filled with characteristics, quality descriptions, and specifications of CMM that need to be confirmed by modern scientific analysis. In this project, Bupleuri Radix was taken as research target. The techniques of laser microdissecion and UPLC-Q-TOF-MS were applied to confirm the validity of these associations as the quality and macroscopic characteristics of Bupleuri Radix are traditionally thought to be closely related. This project will establish the relationship between active components and morphological features which clarifies the role of macroscopic features in the quality assessment of Bupleuri Radix. The developed method will provide a feasible, fast, easy, and economic way to relatively evaluate the quality of CMMs by morphology. Moreover, this study is helpful to inherit the traditional identification experience and bring it to a greater height of development.

"辨状论质"是中药经验鉴别的精髓，是指根据中药外观性状所表现出来的特征，判断中药的真伪优劣，从而阐明其质量的本质，其实质是中药的外观性状与内在质量具有相关性。中药外观性状不仅是药材的外形特点，也是药材内部组织结构及其内含化学成分的外在表现。因此，对中药有效成分在内部组织分布的分析研究可以建立药材外形特征与内部组织结构及内在质量的相关性。基于上述理论，本项目将应用激光显微切割器与超高效液质联用技术开展对中药化学成分在不同显微组织或细胞的分布进行分析。为此，本项目以依据传统经验评价质量具有不同观点的柴胡为切入点，建立柴胡性状特征与内在质量的相关性，从而科学阐明中药"辨状论质"的内涵。该研究将为依据性状特征评价中药柴胡的质量提供科学依据，并为阐明中药传统经验精髓提供新的思路和方法，从而更好地整理、继承和发扬传统经验。

中药“辨状论质”就是根据中药外观性状所表现出来的特征，判断中药的真伪优劣，是中药经验鉴别的精髓。特定细胞的代谢产物分析可以明确中药有效成分在不同组织或细胞中的分布。本研究将应用激光显微切割器与超高效液质联用技术系统地开展对不同来源品种的柴胡显微组织或细胞进行化学成分分析，明确柴胡有效成分柴胡皂苷在不同组织中的分布，发现柴胡皂苷在木栓层、皮层的含量比韧皮部和木质部要高。同时进一步对不同药用部位的化学成分进行分析，明确药用部位对质量的影响。通过本研究建立柴胡性状特征与内在质量的相关性，从而科学阐明柴胡“辨状论质”的内涵。该研究为依据性状特征评价中药柴胡的质量提供科学依据，并为阐明中药传统经验精髓提供新的思路和方法，从而更好地整理、继承和发扬传统经验。