Plant cell fusion breeding technology can overcome the limitations of traditional cross-breeding and modern molecular breeding by transferring a large number of genes from the cytoplasm and the nucleus of target cells to the newly produced cells, so that the new cells can possess and express multiple quantitative genetic traits from the cells of different cultivars or varieties. In this study ROC22 cultivar that has many e desired agronomic traits and Guitang28 that has cold tolerance traits will be selected as target sugarcane cultivars. The conditions of cytoplasm separation, culture, cell fusion, regeneration of sugarcane protoplasts will be investigated with the following objectives: 1) development of a protocol for protoplast isolation using suspension cultures, 2) optimization of the conditions of culture for the growth of protoplasts, 3) development of a protocol for PEG fusion, 4 )establishment of a selection system for heterozygote protoplast cells and a regeneration system from protoplast to plant and 5) Identification of heterozygous plants using morphological, cytological and RAPD, and proteomics methods. In addition, the chilling tolerance of the somatic hybrid will be tested under controlled conditions. The outcomes are expected to provide new protoplast fusion techniques and materials for breeding cold tolerance sugarcane cultivars and to enrich our knowledge in plant cell fusion breeding.
植物体细胞融合育种能打破传统的杂交育种和现代分子育种的局限,同时具有转入细胞质和细胞核中大量的基因而获得多个数量遗传性状的表达等优点。本研究拟选择广西当家优良甘蔗品种新台糖22号和耐寒品种桂糖28号为研究材料,探讨甘蔗原生质体的分离、培养,融合,再生的条件,建立和优化原生质分离和培养体系,原生质体的PEG融合方式,以及杂核体原生质细胞的筛选方法和优化再生体系。 并应用形态特征、细胞学与RAPD和蛋白质组学等方法来鉴别杂合体植株,并对杂合体再生植株进行耐寒性评价。研究成果将为甘蔗抗寒育种提供品种资源,为甘蔗原生质体融合育种提供可靠的技术和方法;同时丰富植物原生质体细胞融合育种的科学资料和知识。
植物体细胞融合育种能打破传统的杂交育种和现代分子育种的局限,同时具有转入细胞质和细胞核中大量的基因而获得多个数量遗传性状的表达等优点。本研究以广西当家优良甘蔗品种新台糖22号(ROC22)和耐寒品种桂糖28号(GT28)为研究材料,探讨甘蔗原生质体的分离、培养、融合、再生的条件,建立和优化原生质分离和培养体系、原生质体的融合方式以及杂核体原生质细胞的筛选方法和优化再生体系。 并应用形态特征、细胞学与分子生物学等方法来鉴别杂合体植株,并对杂合体再生植株进行耐寒性评价。.重要研究结果如下:.1.在适宜的条件下,酶液组合(2% 纤维素酶+3%果胶酶+0.4%离析酶)适合用于酶解甘蔗幼叶,获得的原生质体能满足后续实验需要。.2.利用KM8P(KM8P+3mg L-1 2,4-D)液体转微滴培养基可诱导甘蔗原生质体细胞分裂,用(KM8P+1mg L-1 6-BA+0.5mg L-1 KT)微滴分化培养,然后用(KM8P+1mg L-1 NAA)生根培养3-4个月,容易获得ROC22原生质体再生植株,但GT28原生质体难获得再生植株。.3.与PEG化学融合相比,电融合法更易获得再生植株。最佳的PEG融合条件组合为(35%PEG浓度+20min融合时间+融合液pH=5.7),此时异源融合率为10%;最佳的电融合条件组合为(5×105个/ml的细胞密度+2kv/cm交流电场场强+交流频率500khz+直流脉冲场强200v/cm+脉冲宽度50μs),融合率达20%,细胞破损率较低。.4.利用(KM8P+4mg L-1 2, 4-D+1mg L-1 6-BA)液体转微滴培养基可诱导融合后杂合体细胞分裂,用培养基(KM8P+1mg L-1 6-BA+0.5mg L-1 KT)微滴分化培养,然后用(KM8P+1mg L-1 NAA)生根培养3-4个月,容易获得杂合体细胞再生植株。.5.酶解、钝化和融合的过程对微管骨架、细胞膜和部分基因表达均有不同程度影响.在适宜的培养条件下一些不利于植株再生的影响会被解除。.6.大部分融合后的再生植株在形态特征、细胞学与分子生物学方面与两个亲本有不同程度差异性,且耐寒指标介于两个亲本之间。.以上研究成果为甘蔗抗寒育种提供品种资源,为甘蔗原生质体融合育种提供可靠的技术和方法;同时丰富植物原生质体细胞融合育种的科学资料和知识。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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