油茶细胞融合培育种间体细胞杂种

Camellia oleifera is the most important woody oil tree in China but the production of Camellia oleifera is low as seedlings are widely used. Thus, improved varieties are important for the industry of Camellia oleifera. However, conventional breeding of Camellia oleifera is inefficient, as breeders may encounter barriers such as long juvenility. Cell fusion is an effective method with no safety dispute which could achieve recombination of nuclear and cytoplasm genome. Thus, improved varieties will be created through cell fusion between Camellia oleifera and other species of Camellia. In this study, the technology suited for Camellia oleifera protoplast isolation, culture and fusion is to be established. Then, electrofusion will be carried out between protoplasts of Camellia oleifera ‘Huashuo’ (a cultivated varieties with large fruit and high yield)and Camellia yuhsiensis(a specie with thin skinned fruit which is resistant to anthracnose), and the fusion products are to be cultured and developed into plants. Hybrids are to be identified from regenerated plants by morphology, cytology and molecular markers methods. In this research, interspecific hybridization is expected to be implemented by somatic hybridization technology. And a set of somatic hybridization technology suited for Camellia oleifera is to be established to enhance germpalsm and overcome the limitations of Camellia oleifera breeding. The results of the study will provide a new way for Camellia oleifera breeding.

油茶是我国重点发展的木本油料，但良种缺乏、生产中大量使用实生苗导致产量较低。因此，良种对油茶产业发展至关重要。但油茶常规育种周期长，效率较低。而细胞融合可同时实现核基因与胞质基因组的重组，是一种高效且无安全争议的生物技术。开展普通油茶与其它山茶属油用树种的种间细胞融合，将有望培育出油茶优良新种质。本研究旨在进行油茶原生质体分离、融合、培养研究，并将普通油茶良种‘华硕’（果大，产量高）和攸县油茶（抗炭疽病、果皮薄）原生质体在电场作用下融合，培养再生植株，对再生植株进行形态学、细胞学、分子标记鉴定筛选得到杂种植株。从而建立一套适合油茶的细胞融合技术体系，通过细胞融合实现油茶种间杂交，为油茶育种提供新方法，创制油茶新种质。