食药用菌真菌病害病原鉴定及系统分类研究

Most of the edible and medicinal fungi are mushrooms which are huge industry and main component of agriculture in China. Fungicolous fungi are an ecological group of fungi that parasitize or colonize on other fungi. Some of fungicolous fungi are devastating pathogens of edible and medicinal mushrooms and are difficult to control because both of them are fungi. Exactly identification and contamination prevention are the key measures for fungal disease control of edible and medicinal mushrooms. The objectives of this project are: to comprehensively investigate biodiversity of fungicolous fungi from wild and cultivated edible and medicinal mushrooms and evaluate their influence on mushroom industry; to identify fungicolous fungi and study the taxonomy of major groups of fungicolous fungi based on morphology and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses; to obtain culture collection and establish a database of the fungicolous fungi in China. The output of this study will provide essential information for fungal disease control and significantly promote the healthily development of the mushroom industry.

食药用菌主要是大型真菌，已形成巨大产业，菌生真菌是一类寄生或定殖于其它真菌上的真菌，是食药用菌生产上最重要的病原，食药用菌及菌生真菌同属于真菌类，极其难以防控，准确鉴定和严防污染是食药用菌真菌病害防治的关键。本项目通过对野生和人工培植食药用菌菌生真菌调查，明确我国菌生真菌多样性及危害现状；采用形态及多基因分析方法，建立菌生真菌的分类鉴定方法体系，同时对重要的菌生真菌类群进行系统分类研究；初步建立起我国食药用真菌菌生真菌资源库，服务于食药用菌产业。为食药用菌产业健康发展提供理论依据和指导。

准确鉴定和快速识别是食药用菌真菌病害防控的关键。本项目采和收集了我国主要野生和人工培植食药用菌上的菌生资源，从冬虫夏草、蛹虫草、羊肚菌、灵芝、双孢菇、香菇、牛肝菌等获得50余株真菌病原，建立起一套菌生真菌的分离、纯化、培养体系。结合形态及系统发育分析方法对其进行了准确鉴定，明确了其分类地位, 同时也发现了一些新种和中国新纪录种。通过设计特异性引物，初步建立了real-time PCR快速检测蛹虫草齿梗孢的技术体系。同时综合前人研究，系统总结了菌生真菌的物种多样性，生态分布、互作方式及机制、演化等研究现状。上述结果初步建立起我国食药用真菌菌生真菌资源库，病害特征图谱，初步认识了我国菌生真菌多样性及危害现状，为食药用菌产业健康发展提供依据和支持。同时也为进一步研究菌生真菌的起源与演化，分子互作机制提供了基础材料和理论依据。