互联网视角下返乡农民工创业及其对农村多维减贫的传导机制研究

The Internet has profoundly changed rural productivity and productive relation, providing new opportunities for returning entrepreneurs. Migrant workers, known as “rural craftsmen” who are very familiar with rural areas, return to their hometowns and start up a business, which has significant effects on poverty alleviation and rural vitalization. We have now reached the decisive stage of the decisive battle against poverty alleviation. It is of great significance to promote migrant workers to return home to start up business through the Internet, therefore leading to the multidimensional poverty reduction in rural areas. This project first begins with a summary of the current situation of rural poverty and the review of theoretical literature, and analyzes the connotation of multidimensional poverty in rural China. It constructs a “target-oriented” multidimensional poverty index and uses micro-data to identify and measure Chinese rural multidimensional poverty. Secondly, this project discusses the effect of the Internet on the entrepreneurship of returning migrant workers from the two routes of knowledge overflow and information overflow. Then, based on exploring direct and indirect effects of entrepreneurship of migrant workers on multidimensional poverty in rural areas, this project analyzes how the Internet works on the transmission mechanism of multidimensional poverty alleviation in rural areas through driving returning migrant workers to start up business. Finally, based on the project results and domestic and foreign experience, it provides the policy suggestions with referential value to facilitate migrant workers’ entrepreneurship in the Internet era and win the fight against rural poverty.

互联网深刻改变了农村的生产力与生产关系，为返乡创业者带来了新的机遇。农民工是熟悉和了解农村的“乡村工匠”人才，农民工返乡创业是农村实现脱贫振兴的关键。脱贫攻坚已经到了决战决胜阶段，如何借助互联网推动返乡农民工创业，从而以“造血”式扶贫方式实现农村多维减贫的研究意义重大。本项目首先在总结农村贫困现状以及回顾理论文献的基础上，分析中国农村多维贫困的内涵，构建“目标导向型”多维贫困指数，并使用微观数据进行多维贫困的识别与测度。其次，从知识溢出和信息溢出这两个路径探讨互联网对返乡农民工创业的影响效应。然后，剖析返乡农民工创业对农村多维贫困的直接作用和间接影响，并在此基础上检验“互联网→返乡农民工创业→农村多维减贫”的传导机制。最后，基于项目成果和国内外经验为互联网时代下促进返乡农民工创业，打赢脱贫攻坚战提供具有参考价值的政策建议。

互联网已成为引领“三农”发展的重要手段，加快信息化建设进程，打通网络基础设施“最后一公里”为返乡创业者带来了新的机遇。另一方面，农民工是熟悉和了解农村的“乡村工匠”人才，农民工返乡创业是推动乡村振兴，打赢扶贫攻坚战必不可少的关键途径。如何借助互联网推动返乡农民工创业，从而以“造血”式扶贫方式实现农村多维减贫的研究意义重大。. 围绕核心研究目标“互联网视角下如何通过返乡农民工创业推动农村多维减贫？”本项目主要从如下四个方面展开研究：（1）基于中国农村之现实，构建科学有效的多维贫困测量体系与模型，以做到准确的识别测度；（2）探讨互联网对返乡农民工创业的作用机理与影响效应；（3）剖析互联网对农村多维减贫的传导机制，并模拟预测农村多维贫困的未来趋势；（4）为促进返乡农民工创业，打赢脱贫攻坚战提供具有参考价值的政策建议。. 研究发现：（1）创业对农村增收减贫具有重要意义，特别是对于收入、健康、生活和教育等维度的贫困指数均存在显著的减贫效应；（2）农村创业率提升和创业收入增加均能显著减少返贫的概率；（3）互联网接入能够显著促进农民工返乡创业。其中，人力资本对互联网接入与农民工返乡创业的关系起中介作用；（4）农户家庭中的子女外出务工经历会促进创业退出，包括创业的主动退出和失败退出。农户家庭中的父子共治会弱化子女外出务工经历对创业失败退出的影响。. 本课题的研究有助于理解互联网视角下返乡农民工创业及其对农村多维减贫的传导机制，并将研究结论同农民工创业和农村多维贫困的现实相结合，探索出互联网背景下如何促进返乡农民工创业，推动农村多维减贫的基本思路和具体措施。最终为相关政府决策部门提供既能切合实际，又具备可操作性和前瞻性的有益建议。