蜾蠃亚科（膜翅目：胡蜂科）属级单元的订正研究

The Eumeninae, commonly called potter wasps, are the most speciose subfamily within the Vespidae (Hymenoptera). As natural enemies of many lepidopterous and coleopterous pests of agricultural importance, they may play an important role in biological control. They are mostly solitary wasps, but some species are important in understanding the evolution of sociality because they show primitively social behaviour. However, the taxonomy of this subfamily is hindered by the “chaos” of genera splitting. Most genera worldwide have their monophyly untested, and the phylogenetic relationships among the genera within the Eumeninae remain unclear. The morphological variation found among genera is enormous and its translation into discrete variables has been difficult in many cases. Character overlap with supposedly allied genera is confusing for identification. This tendency is even more pronounced in the Palaearctic and Oriental regions to which our Chinese fauna belongs. The purpose of this project is firstly to study the morphological, biological and molecular character states by using anatomical dissection, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultra-thin sectioning and molecular DNA techniques. Secondly it is intended to revise the classification of the genera of the whole subfamily. This will be followed by a revision of the Chinese species using all available evidence (in most cases consisting mainly of morphological characters), and a cladistic analysis to discover the natural relationships by combining morphological, biological and molecular characters. The research results will be of significance for several areas, such as biocontrol of pests, evolution of sociality, biodiversity analysis and monitoring, ecological research of potter wasps, and phylogeny of Vespidae.

蜾蠃亚科Eumeninae（膜翅目：胡蜂科）昆虫是许多重要农林害虫的天敌，有强大的生防应用潜能，同时也是胡蜂社会性起源和进化研究的关键类群。但该亚科的分类长期受碍于属级划分的“混乱”而发展缓慢，属的建立未参考世界区系，近百年来缺乏订正；不少属级单元之间特征交叉，间断不明显，系统发育关系不清；包含我国在内的古北区和东洋区该问题尤显突出。项目组拟在已有研究的研究基础上，通过属模的比对，结合形态学研究，重建属级形态指标，对世界蜾蠃亚科的属级分类单元进行修订；进而通过模式标本的比对，订正中国区系蜾蠃种类，结合分子系统学研究，解决属的并系、近似种区分和亚种地位等问题。项目的开展将为解决胡蜂科系统发育奠定基础，为农林害虫生防及其它相关研究提供重要的科学依据。

蜾蠃亚科Eumeninae （膜翅目：胡蜂科）是许多主要农林害虫的天敌，有强大的生防应用潜能，同时也是胡蜂社会性起源和进化研究的关键类群。但该亚科的分类长期缺乏订正，不少属级单元间断不明显，系统发育关系不清；包含我国在内的古北区和东洋区该问题尤显突出。项目组按计划对蜾蠃亚科进行了较全面地研究，开展了全国范围补充采集和多样性调查，增加膜翅目标本5000号以上，还有大量酒精浸渍标本，结合国际合作和标本借阅或检视，对部分已知种类进行了修订，进行了全虫态形态学研究，和基因组方面的研究，探讨世界胡蜂亚科系统发育关系，并在国内外开展了研究合作。结合国际合作和标本借阅或检视，对已知属级阶元和种类进行了修订，开展了形态学研究和分子系统学方面的研究，探讨世界蜾蠃亚科系统发育关系。通过研究，我国胡蜂亚科及其相关类群的研究取得了一定进展，发表或合作发表相关SCI论文13篇，出版个人专著2部（均被评为陕西省优秀科普作品），获得实用新型专利1项，另有1部成稿已提交出版社，将于2023年出版；参编著作1部（已交稿，待出版），目前我国该类群的分类水平与国际水平接轨，并有所发现和突破，项目组吸引了多位国内外专家主动合作或提供帮助。项目取得的部分成果已直接用于我国袭人胡蜂的防控指导和科普教育和多样性调查和研究中。